Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 生物土壤结皮与种子附属物对不同植物种子萌发的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of biological soil crusts and seed appendages on seed germination of various plants |
| 李国栋 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 张元明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 生物土壤结皮在干旱荒漠区广泛分布，其覆盖面积可达40%-70%，它的存在能够改善土壤理化特性，增加地表稳定性，具有重要生态功能。生物土壤结皮的发育影响土壤水文、元素循环等过程，同时也会影响维管植物的生长，包括植物种子萌发、群落建成与幼苗生长等的影响。关于生物土壤结皮与种子生物学特征共同作用对种子萌发影响的研究鲜见报道。古尔班通古特沙漠分布着发育良好的生物土壤结皮，研究生物土壤结皮对不同形态特征种子萌发的影响，对进一步了解生物土壤结皮如何影响维管植物分布及定居模式具有重要的参考价值。 本研究选取古尔班通古特沙漠9种常见的具不同形态结构种子的植物：梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、粗枝猪毛菜（Salsola subcrassa）、心叶驼绒藜（Ceratoides ewersmanniana）、角果藜（Ceratocarpus arenarius）、花花柴（Krelinia caspica）、小山蒜（Allium pallasii）、琉苞菊（Hyalea pulchella）、鹤虱（Lappula semiglabra）和小花荆芥（Nepeta micrantha）。设置地衣结皮、苔藓结皮和裸沙3种土壤基质，研究生物土壤结皮对以上不同形态特征种子萌发的影响，以及通过去除和保留种子附属物，对比研究生物土壤结皮与种子附属物对种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明，生物土壤结皮与附属物对不同植物种子萌发的影响，可分为以下三个类型： 类型A：附属物对种子萌发无影响，而生物土壤结皮影响种子萌发。主要包括：琉苞菊、心叶驼绒藜、角果藜和鹤虱4种植物种子，附属物类型有柔毛和刺。其中，地衣结皮仅抑制鹤虱种子的萌发，而苔藓结皮对4种植物种子均具有抑制作用。 类型B：附属物和生物土壤结皮均影响种子萌发。主要包括：粗枝猪毛菜和梭梭的种子，附属物类型为苞片。其中，粗枝猪毛菜种子受到地衣和苔藓两种类型结皮的抑制，梭梭种子仅受到苔藓结皮的抑制作用。 类型C：附属物和生物土壤结皮对种子萌发均无影响。主要包括：花花柴种子，附属物类型为具有传播作用的柔毛。 不同类型生物土壤结皮，对种子萌发具有不同程度影响，同种结皮对不同植物种子萌发的影响也因种而异。生物土壤结皮的存在，与种子附属物共同作用，通过限制或促进种子对水分的吸收，会加剧或减弱附属物对种子萌发的抑制作用。 |
| 英文摘要 | Biological soil crusts (BSCs) have been found in deserts all over the world and may constitute as high as 70% of the living cover in some plant communities．BSCs with the vascular plants are forming a beautiful scenery line in deserts, which contributes to sand stability and accelerate vegetation succession, thus, it plays an important ecological role in seeding surviving of arid environment. The relationship between BSCs and vascular plants can be summed up as the influence of BSCs on seed germination，establishment and growth. To our knowledge, however, few studies have attempted to examine the interactive influence between BSCs and seed biological character on seed germination. According to available literature, BSCs were well developed in the Gurbantonggut Desert, where distributed a wide variety of vascular plants. Studying the effect of BSCs on seed germination can contribute for understanding how BSCs influence the distribution and settlement of vascular plants. In this study, we selected 9 kinds of plant seeds with different morphological structures that are common for Gurbantunggut Desert. And we set up three kinds of soil matrixes to study the influence of BSCs on seed germination. Seeds belonged to two treatments (appendages were removed and remained) were sown at the surface of three matrices and their emergence was also observed. Removing bracts appendages can improve seed germination rates and germination speeds. Lichen crust had different influence on different seed germination because of tiny terrain structure. Seeds of Allium pallasii and Nepeta micrantha had smooth surface. Lichen crust promoted germination of Nepeta micrantha, however, Nepeta micrantha’s germination was not affected. Both of Haloxylon ammodendron and Salsola subcrassa seeds with bracts appendages, whereas only Salsola subcrassa seed germination was inhibited by lichen crust. Lichen had no effect on seed germination that with villous appendages. Lichen crust inhibited Lappula semiglabra seed germination but didn’t inhibit Ceratocarpus arenarius’s. The effect of lichen crust on seed germination correlated with the different morphological structure of seeds. Moss crust inhibited seed germination. Different types of BSCs had different influence on seed germination because of their different surface structure characteristics. Seed germination also affected by seed size and appendage structure. Interaction of lichen crust and bracts appendages promoted the bracts of Salsola subcrassa’s inhibition on seed germination. Spiny appendages promoted lichen crust inhibiting Lappula semiglabra seed germination. Lichen crust, together with seed appendages of Salsola subcrassa and Lappula semiglabra inhibited their seed germination through inhibiting moisture. There was no interaction between moss crust and seed appendages. Hence，BSCs interact with seed appendages can increase or decrease the inhibition on seed germination through limiting or promoting absorbing water by seeds. Different BSCs had different effects on seed germination, and identical BSCs also have different effects on seed germination of desert plants that had different appendages, resulting in the spatial heterogeneity of seed germination of vascular plants，and consequently affecting the distribution and diversity of vascular plants．Our results showed that either different types of BSCs or different appendages can affect seed germination, thus, affect the distribution and diversity of vascular plants. This may be the reason for spatial heterogeneity of vascular plants. |
| 中文关键词 | 生物土壤结皮 ; 苞片 ; 附属物 ; 种子萌发 ; 古尔班通古特 |
| 英文关键词 | biological soil crust bracts appendage seed germination Gurbantunggut |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287437 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李国栋. 生物土壤结皮与种子附属物对不同植物种子萌发的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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