Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 灌溉过程中灰漠土的碳淋溶研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The carbon leaching in the irrigation process of gray desert soil |
| 解怀亮 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 李彦 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 全球碳循环研究是当前国内外学者关注的重点方向之一，而水循环过程中碳的聚积是当前乃至今后寻求碳迷失汇的一个重点方向。土壤碳库是陆地生态系统的最大碳库，干旱和半干旱区土壤碳在全球碳循环中占有重要作用。干旱区盐生荒漠大规模的土地开发利用，发生着由自然景观向人工景观的土地利用方式的转变，直接改变了其水土资源的时空分布，原有的荒漠植被景观由绿洲灌溉农田所替代，形成了新的农田灌溉水循环系统，这必然引起碳循环过程中土壤碳传输的变化。 试验于2013年4-10月份在中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统观测研究站进行。选择荒漠中的原生灰漠土和毗邻的绿洲灌溉灰漠土，分别种植春小麦和水稻。经过一个生长季的淋溶试验，定期收取并分析淋溶体积、淋溶液中有机碳和无机碳含量以及pH、电导率(EC)值。分析灌溉作用下不同类型土壤分别种植不同作物下对有机碳和无机碳的淋洗效应，探讨灌溉作用对试验前后土壤有机碳和无机碳含量以及理化性质的影响。取得主要结果如下： (1) 灌溉灰漠土和原生灰漠土种植春小麦总淋溶碳量分别为5.71 g?m–2?a–1、14.1 g?m–2?a–1，水稻分别为121.3 g?m–2?a–1、63.9 g?m–2?a–1，表明干旱区灌溉作用所形成的碳淋溶量十分可观；原生灰漠土有机碳淋溶量占总淋溶碳的54%～63.1%，而灌溉灰漠土却相反，有机碳淋溶量仅占16.3%～31.4%，主要是原生灰漠土和灌溉灰漠土原始可溶性有机碳和无机碳含量差异所致；随着季节的变化及农作物生长，有机碳和无机碳淋溶量逐渐减少，即随着灌溉作用土体可溶性有机碳和无机碳逐渐减少；春小麦种植有机碳和无机碳淋溶量小于对照，水稻种植与对照无明显差异，灌溉模式和农作物生长消耗土壤水是引起差异的主要原因。 (2) 灌溉淋溶后灌溉灰漠土有机碳含量随着深度变化先减少后增加，范围为-1.80～1.56 g?kg-1，而原生灰漠土有机碳变化表现为：减少－增加－减少，范围为-0.39～0.40 g?kg-1。土体无机碳的整体含量呈下降趋势，灌溉灰漠土和原生灰漠土土体各土层变化范围分别为-1.10～0.45 g?kg-1、-1.3～1.02 g?kg-1。灌溉灰漠土pH值变化范围为-0.70～0.49，呈“M”型，原生灰漠土pH变化规律不明显。电导率均降低，原生灰漠土变化强烈，而灌溉灰漠土相对稳定。土壤表层有机碳、无机碳以及可溶性盐在灌溉作用下由土壤表层向深层土壤逐渐淋洗迁移。 (3) 灌溉灰漠土和原生灰漠土旱田种植模式下，淋溶液可溶性有机碳和无机碳浓度逐渐增大；而在水田种植模式下，种植初期淋溶液可溶性有机碳和无机碳浓度达到最高，随后逐渐降低。灌溉灰漠土可溶性无机碳浓度显著高于原生灰漠土，而原生灰漠土可溶性有机碳含量显著高于灌溉灰漠土 (4) 水田种植模式下，作物的蒸散发对淋溶液体积影响较小。在旱田种植模式下，农作物的蒸散发作用显著。原生灰漠土旱田种植模式下所获得的春小麦地上生物量小于灌溉灰漠土（p<0.05），主要原因是土壤高盐分限制了原生灰漠土春小麦的生长；原生灰漠土水稻种植模式所收获的地上生物量却大于灌溉灰漠土。 |
| 英文摘要 | Global carbon cycle which effect atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change, is currently one of the hot-point issues. Accumulation of carbon in the water cycle is a key direction to seek the lost carbon sinks for now and in the future. Soil carbon pool is the largest carbon pool in the errestrial ecosystem, and plays an important role in global carbon cycle in arid and semiarid areas. In arid zones, there are large-scale salt desert land which has been developed and utilized, the natural landscape was taken place by artificial landscape, which directly alter the spatial and temporal distribution of water and land resources. Original landscape of the desert oasis was replaced by new irrigation water system, which inevitably lead to carbon transportation changes in soil carbon cycle. Accumulation of carbon in the water cycle is a key direction to seek the lost carbon sinks for now and in the future. In order to quantify the contribution of field irrigation to dissolved carbon transfer in arid areas, a leaching experiment was carried out to simulate irrigation by soil columns in Fukang station of desert ecology in Xinjiang. Oasis cultivated gray soil and native gray desert soil were chosen to grow spring wheat and rice in order to explore the variation of soil organic/inorganic carbon and physicochemical properties, and the organic/inorganic carbon transport mechanism under different irrigation manners. Each soil type had 10 experiments with spring wheat and rice, respectively. Moreover, there were 3 soil columns without any crops. The results are as follows: (1) Total soil carbon leaching of cultivated gray desert soil and native gray desert plant spring wheat carbon and rice, were 5.71 g?m–2?a–1、14.1 g?m–2?a–1, 121.3 g?m–2?a–1、63.9 g?m–2?a–1, showed that carbon leaching quantity is very large in arid areas; in the native gray desert soil, organic carbon leaching account for 54% ~ 63.1% of the total carbon leaching is higher than inorganic carbon. However in the cultivated gray desert soil, inorganic carbon leaching accounted for 68.6% ~ 83.7% of the total carbon leaching much larger than organic carbon, the difference of soil soluble organic carbon and inorganic carbon content are the mainly reasons. As the change of seasons and crop growth, organic carbon and inorganic carbon leaching quantity reduced gradually, namely as the irrigation is gradually reduced soil soluble organic and inorganic carbon. Organic and inorganic carbon leaching of cultivation spring wheat soil was higher than contrast. however, growing rice have no significant difference with contrast, irrigation mode and crops growth soil water consumption is the main cause. (2) In a growing season by the leaching experiment, soil organic carbon content in the irrigation gray desert was tending to increased firstly and then decreased, the values’ range was -1.80～1.56 g?kg-1. But, in native gray desert it changed as follows: decreased firstly - and then increased - and then decreased again, the values’ range was -0.39～0.40 g?kg-1. Soil inorganic carbon contents were decreased both in cultivated gray desert soil and native gray desert after leaching, variation in soil columns of two soil types were -1.10～0.45 g?kg-1 and -1.3～1.02 g?kg-1, respectively. Values of pH varied from -0.70 to 0.49 with a \ |
| 中文关键词 | 灌溉灰漠土 ; 原生灰漠土 ; 有机碳 ; 无机碳 ; 灌溉淋溶 |
| 英文关键词 | Cultivated gray desert soil native gray desert soil organic carbon inorganic carbon irrigation leaching |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287434 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 解怀亮. 灌溉过程中灰漠土的碳淋溶研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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