Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 开都河流域积雪时空变化的影响因素分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis of the factors influencing temporal-spatial variation of snow cover in the Kaidu River Basin |
| 姚亚楠 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 徐俊荣 ; 李兰海 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 积雪在高山盆地的地表热量平衡和径流的产生过程中发挥着重要作用。积雪及其面积变化影响干旱区内陆河流域的水循环过程和生态环境.积雪面积的变化不仅影响着干旱区河流的径流量，也制约着当地的社会经济发展。因此研究不同影响因素条件下干旱区积雪面积的变化规律对干旱区的生态环境、社会生活以及人类经济的发展具有十分重要的意义。\n本研究选取开都河流域作为研究区域，结合气象数据和遥感数据研究开都河流域积雪变化面积的年际分布特征以及随着气温变化的年内分布特征；依据流域的气象资料进行统计和分析，研究气温对降水形态的影响，进而影响积雪面积的变化规律；通过流域的数字高程模型DEM获取不同海拔和不同坡向的栅格数据，叠加MODIS的积雪产品数据，分析不同海拔和不同坡向的积雪面积时空变化的分布规律。通过对开都河流域不同影响因素条件下的积雪面积时空分布特征的研究，得到如下结论：\n（1）研究区的积雪面积，不同海拔的积雪面积以及不同坡向的积雪面积的年际分布特征为周期性变化，具体自2000年至2010年，每年都呈现先减少后增加的变化规律。\n（2）降水形态随着气温由低至高的变化逐渐由降雪形态转变为降雨形态，并且在转变过程中四个气象站点具有各自不同的临界气温区间；整体来看降水形态在气温小于-5℃时基本为降雪，在-5℃～10℃之间降雨和降雪都有发生，在大于10℃时基本为降雨。\n（3）随着时间的变化研究区内区域的积雪面积、不同海拔的积雪面积和不同坡向的积雪面积的年内变化规律基本都呈现出先减少后增加再减少的规律。随着季节变化，在夏季，区域的积雪面积、不同海拔的积雪面积和不同坡向的积雪面积都呈现先减少后增加的规律，积雪在不同海拔和不同坡向随着时间变化的面积变化都比较小；在秋季，区域的积雪面积、不同海拔的积雪面积和不同坡向的积雪面积都呈现逐渐增加的规律，积雪在不同海拔和不同坡向随着时间变化的面积变化开始出现差异，并且不同海拔之间的差异大于不同坡向之间的差异；在冬季，区域的积雪面积、不同海拔的积雪面积和不同坡向的积雪面积分别达到各自的最大值，并且不同海拔之间和不同坡向之间的积雪面积也呈现相对明显的差异，其中积雪面积在不同海拔之间的差异大于不同坡向的差异；在春季，区域的积雪面积、不同海拔的积雪面积和不同坡向的积雪面积呈现出减少的变化规律，并且不同海拔的积雪面积和不同坡向的积雪面积的差异逐渐变小。\n（4）研究区内不同海拔的积雪面积与相对应海拔的面积的比率的变化规律比较明显，随着海拔的增加，不同海拔的积雪面积的比率逐渐变大；不同坡向的面积与相对应的坡向的面积比率的变化规律随着坡向的变化比率变化的差异较小。\n（5）随着季节的变化，不同海拔带的积雪增加面积的比率和减少面积的比率呈现不同的变化规律。随着高程的增加，夏季积雪的增加面积比率和减少面积比率呈现先减少后增加的变化规律；冬季积雪的增加面积和减少面积随着海拔的变化呈现出逐渐增加的变化规律；秋季和春季积雪的变化面积呈现出减少-增加-减少-增加的变化规律。积雪在秋季和冬季的积雪增加面积的比率比减少面积的比率大；在夏季和春季积雪减少面积的比率比增加面积的比率大。\n（6）随着季节的变化，坡向自90°开始顺时针方向的变化，随着坡向的变化，春季和秋季的积雪变化面积的变化趋势一致，都是先增加后减少的趋势；夏季和冬季的积雪变化面积的变化趋势相反，夏季积雪的变化面积为先减少后增加再减少的趋势，冬季积雪的变化面积的变化趋势虽然不明显，但是趋势为先增加后减少再增加的趋势；四个季节的积雪变化面积除了秋季是增加面积的比率大于减少面积的比率外，春季，夏季和冬季的积雪的增加面积的比率基本都小于减少面积的比率。 |
| 英文摘要 | Snow cover plays an important role in balancing earth surface heat and generating runoff in alpine basins. Snow and the snow cover change have an influence on the water circulation system and ecological environment in arid inland river basins, the snow cover change which affects the streamflow and water resources in arid zones restricts the social and economic development. So, the study of the snow cover change in arid zones under different influencing factors has the extreme significance to ecological environment in arid region and social activities and economic development.\nThis study selects the Kaidu River Basin as the study area, combining with meteorological data and remote sensing data to study the seasonal and annual distribution characteristics of snow cover change associated with the temperature change in Kaidu River Basin. Based on the statistical and analysis of meteorological data, the variation of snow cover change was studied under the temperature change which controls the precipitation form. The variation patterns of snow cover change in different elevations and aspects were analyzed by superimposing the MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) data and the raster data of different elevations and aspects from the digital elevation model (DEM). The conclusions of the temporal-spatial distribution patterns of snow cover change under different influencing factors in Kaidu River basin are as follows:\n(1) The snow cover of different elevations and aspects in the study area exhibited a periodic pattern, i.e, decreased firstly and then increased within every year during study period from 2000 to 2010.\n(2) As the temperature rises, precipitation as snowfall gradually shifts into rainfall. The four stations have different critical temperature for determining the precipitation form from snowfall into rainfall. The precipitation falls as snowfall when the temperature is below -5℃ , but as rainfall when the temperature is above 10℃. The precipitation may falls as snowfall or rainfall when the temperature ranges from -5℃ to 10℃.\n(3) The snow cover change of different elevations and aspects in the study area basically demonstrated a decreasing-increasing-decreasing pattern during a year. In summer, the snow cover change in study area，the snow cover in different elevations and aspects decrease first and then increase, and the snow cover change in both different elevations and different aspects is minor. In autumn, the snow cover change in study area, the snow cover in different elevations and aspects show an increased pattern, and the snow cover change in different elevations and aspects is different. In addition, the snow cover change among different elevations is greater than that among different aspects. In winter, the snow cover change of study area, the snow cover in different elevations and aspects reach maximum respectively, and the snow cover change in different elevations and in different aspects have obvious difference. The difference in different elevations is more than that in different aspects. In spring, the snow cover change in study area, the snow cover in different elevations and different aspects have a decreased trend, and the variance of snow cover change within different elevations and that within different aspects is little.\n(4) In study area, the ratio variation of snow cover to the area of corresponding elevation zone in different elevations is apparent. As the elevation rises, the ratios of snow cover to the area of corresponding elevation zone in different elevations gradually become larger. As the aspect changes, the variance of ratios of snow cover to the area of corresponding aspect in different aspects is little.\n(5) With the change of seasons, the change ratios of snow cover increase and decrease in different elevations present different patterns. As the elevation rises, in summer, the ratios of snow cover change follow a pattern as decrease first and then increase. The ratios of snow cover change show an increased trend in winter. In spring, the ratios of snow cover change follow a decreasing – increasing – decreasing- increasing pattern. In autumn, the ratios of snow cover change present a similar trend to that in spring. In autumn and winter, the ratios of increased snow cover are more than the ratios of decreased snow cover, while the ratios of decreased snow cover are greater than the ratios of increased snow cover in spring and summer.\n(6) With the aspect change from the east along the clockwise direction, the snow cover ratios increase first and then decrease in spring. The ratios of the snow cover change in summer follow a decreasing – increasing – decreasing trend. The ratios of snow cover change in autumn follow a similar pattern to that in spring, while the change in winter show a contrary pattern to that in summer, i.e. an increasing – decreasing - increasing pattern. The ratios of increased snow cover change are less than the ratios of decreased snow cover change in every season except for that in autumn. |
| 中文关键词 | “开都河” ; “积雪面积” ; “气温” ; “降水形态” ; “海拔” ; “坡向” |
| 英文关键词 | “Kaidu River” “Snow cover” “Temperature” “precipitation form” “Elevation” “Aspect” |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287428 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 姚亚楠. 开都河流域积雪时空变化的影响因素分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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