Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 新疆荒漠类型分布及结构特征研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The study of desert types and characteristics in Xinjiang |
| 张志伟 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 杨发相 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 新疆气候干旱，荒漠广布，类型多样。对新疆荒漠类型的空间分布规律及结构特征的研究，能加深对干旱区荒漠环境与荒漠化发生条件的认识，并为区域的开发规划、环境保护和生态建设提供科学资料。基于TM遥感影像、MODIS遥感影像、Google Earth，结合GIS技术、野外调查验证及典型样地采样并在室内化验分析，提出荒漠类型划分原则，利用水热条件、物质组成、地貌形态成因类型及植被盖度指标等对荒漠进行分类，建立新疆荒漠类型分类系统，编制数字荒漠类型图，研究新疆荒漠类型分布规律及结构特征。主要结论如下：（1）据荒漠分类的分级分类、主导因子、实用原则和指标，将新疆荒漠类型划分为2个一级类、11个二级类、114个三级类，并利用植被盖度将沙漠划分为15个四级沙漠类型。（2）野外实地荒漠类型地物与室内荒漠类型解译图的分类情况进行精度评价，结果是一级、二级和三级荒漠类型与其它地物的精度依次达96.15%、88.46%和80.77%。（3）新疆荒漠面积为1325315.05km2，占新疆总面积的80.69%。据新疆大地貌单元划分为6区，其中荒漠面积分布最多是塔里木盆地，面积达469665.53 km2，占该区面积的89.52%；准噶尔西部地区荒漠面积最小，仅为28454.16 km2，占该区总面积的57.30%。（4）一级荒漠类型中，干旱荒漠和高寒荒漠面积分别为1049914.07 km2、275400.98 km2，占新疆总面积的63.92%和16.77%。干旱荒漠主要分布于塔里木、准噶尔及吐鲁番-哈密盆地，高寒荒漠主要见于阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山的高山区。（5）在11个二级类型中，干旱沙漠面积最大，达426691.59 km2，占荒漠总面积的32.20%；高寒泥漠面积最小，为868.13km2，仅占0.07%。盐漠主要分布在罗布泊、河流湖泊附近及绿洲边缘地区；泥漠主要分布在第三系泥岩地区及冲洪积平原洼地及冲洪积扇形地边缘地区；沙漠主要分布在塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地和库木库里盆地内；土漠主要分布在昆仑山中低山及丘陵、天山北坡地区及塔城盆地内；砾漠主要分布在山麓及河流出山口形成的冲积、洪积平原区；岩漠主要分布干燥作用的低山、中山或高山区。（6）在114个三级荒漠类型中，由于形成荒漠的地貌形态成因不同，面积大小及分布情况亦各异。（7）在15个四级沙漠类型中，流动沙丘面积最大，达175030.98km2，占沙漠总面积的41.00%，主要分布在塔里木盆地；高寒流动沙地面积最小，为40.57km2，仅占沙漠总面积的0.01%，主要分布在库木库里盆地。 |
| 英文摘要 | Xinjiang is characterized by vast area, desertification widespread, diverse types of desert. Study on the distribution and structure of the characteristics of Xinjiang desert type can deepen the understanding of the Arid Zone Research desertification and desert environment conditions occur, resources for the development of regional development planning, prevention and control of desertification research and provide resources. It also has application value for ecological restoration, environmental protection and natural resources utilization. Based on the TM remote sensing data, MODIS remote sensing data and Google Earth, this study used GIS technology, field investigation and lab analysis to classify desert types of Xinjiang. Using hydrothermal conditions, material composition, morphology causes of landforms and vegetation coverage as classifying desert, At the same time, establish desert types system and draw the desert classification map, to study on the distribution and structure of the characteristics of Xinjiang desert type. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Desert types in the Xinjiang are various. Based on hierarchical classification, the dominant factor, practical principles and classify index, the desert in the river basin was divided into 2 categories, 11 subcategories and 114 three-stage categories. And the index of vegetation coverage, the desert will be divided into 15 in level 4 desert type. (2) According to the interior data query and field investigation, the establishment of different types of desert in Xinjiang TM imagery interpretation signs, use of GIS technology to perform different types of desert interpret, complete digital desert type interpret artwork. (3) Field surface features and classification of the type of interpretation map of the desert was used to evaluate the accuracy. The accuracy of Level 1, 2 and 3 desert type is 96.15%,88.46% and 80.77%, respectively. The overall classification accuracy is enough for our study. (4) Xinjiang desert distribution is widespread, with desert area of 1325315.05km2, accounting for 80.69 percent of Xinjiang's total area. According to the division of Xinjiang geomorphic units for the 6 district. The desert area of the Tarim basin is the largest with an area of 469665.53 km2, accounting for 89.52% of the whole area. The western region of Junggar desert area is the smallest, only for 28454.16 km2, accounting for 57.30% of the region. (5) In level 1 desert type of arid desert and alpine desert area is 1049914.07 km2, and 275400.98 km2 respectively, accounting for 63.92% and 16.77% of the total area of Xinjiang. Distribution rule is: the arid deserts mainly distribute in the Tarim basin, Junggar basin, the Turpan - Hami district and alpine desert mainly distribute in Altai mountains and high mountain, Tianshan, and Kunlun mountains.(6) In 11 secondary type, arid desert area, the largest is 426691.59km2, accounting for 32.20% of the total area of the desert; Alpine desert area is smallest, mud is 868.13 km2, accounting for 0.07% of the total area of the desert. Secondary distribution of desert type: salt desert mainly distribute in Lop Nur, lakes and rivers distribute near the edge of the oasis area; Mud mainly distribute desert region in Tertiary mudstone and Alluvial plains and low-lying land to the edge of the Alluvial Fan area; sandy deserts are mainly located in the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Kumukuli basin; Loess deserts are mainly located in the Kunlun Mountains in the low mountains and hilly areas and nearby areas Ili; gravel desert mainly in the alluvial foothills and piedmont outlet formed alluvial fan and other places; Rock desert mainly in less precipitation, dry or cold areas of low mountains, Zhongshan, mountains and high mountains. (7) In 114 the three types of desert, desert topography due to the formation of different causes in different sizes and distribution. (8)In 15 four types of sandy desert, the largest area of shifting sand dunes is 17 |
| 中文关键词 | 荒漠类型 ; 分类系统 ; 荒漠分布 ; 结构特征 ; 新疆 |
| 英文关键词 | desert types classification system Distribution of desert Structural features Xinjiang |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287425 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张志伟. 新疆荒漠类型分布及结构特征研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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