Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 青海省主要灌丛群落特征及其与环境关系研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The community characteristic of main shrub and its relationship with environmental in Qinghai Province |
| 钟泽兵 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 周国英 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 灌丛植被是青海省的主要植被类型之一，灌丛面积为1.727×106hm2。开展青海地区灌丛群落结构的研究，对恢复和保护区域生态环境具有重要的作用。本研究选择了青海省分布面积较广的23种灌丛类型为研究对象，通过对69个样地207个灌丛样方的群落盖度、高度、生物量、生长环境因子的调查，分析了研究区内主要灌丛植被的物种组成、生物多样性、生物量及其分配等群落结构特征及其影响因素。结果表明： \n（1）青海省高寒灌丛主要有山生柳灌丛、金露梅灌丛、百里香杜鹃灌丛等11个群落类型，据统计灌木植物有7科10属17种，灌木层物种组成简单，垂直分异明显，高度分布范围在0.5~1.6m，盖度在35~70%之间。草本层有植物40科112属224种，植物种类丰富，主要有嵩草、珠芽蓼、早熟禾等，群落结构复杂，群落高度分布范围在0.15~0.65m之间，盖度在40%~60%之间。 \n（2）高寒灌丛群落中，灌木层物种多样性指数较低，丰富度指数在1~3之间。草本层丰富度指数在10~50之间，Shannon-wiener指数在2.05~3.68之间，Simpson指数在0.02~0.18之间，Pielou均匀度指数在0.80~0.96之间。群落物种多样性从大到小依次为：银露梅群落＞绣线菊群落＞鲜卑花群落＞金露梅群落＞鬼箭锦鸡儿群落＞山生柳群落＞杜鹃群落。 \n（3）高寒灌丛灌木层平均生物量为24.69t/hm2，草本层平均生物量为6.63t/hm2，凋落物层平均生物量为1.81t/hm2，群落总生物量在20.47±3.36 ~56.14±12.61t/hm2之间，群落平均总生物量为32.32t/hm2。灌木层、草本层、凋落物层分别占总生物量的比例为74.02%、19.79%和6.19%。不同高寒灌丛生物量从大到小依次是：鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛＞山生柳灌丛＞鲜卑花灌丛＞青海杜鹃灌丛＞细枝绣线菊灌丛＞银露梅灌丛＞百里香杜鹃灌丛＞金露梅灌丛。灌木层生物量分配特征是：枝干＞根＞叶，地下/地上为0.78:1，草本层生物量分配特征是：地下生物量＞地上生物量，地下/地上为2.37:1。 \n（4）青海省典型灌丛群落对海拔、年均温和降雨量等环境因子的变化响应不同。杜鹃灌丛和山生柳灌丛的物种多样性随海拔的升高而增大，金露梅灌丛的物种多样性随海拔的升高而减小。杜鹃灌丛和山生柳灌丛的物种多样性随着年均温的升高而减小，金露梅灌丛群落物种多样随着年均温的升高而增大。杜鹃灌丛、金露梅灌丛、山生柳灌丛的物种多样性均随降雨量的增加而增大。杜鹃灌丛群落生物量随着海拔的上升而增大，山生柳灌丛和金露梅灌丛群落生物量随着海拔的上升而减小。杜鹃灌丛、山生柳灌丛和金露梅灌丛群落的群落生物量均随年均温的上升而增大，而随降雨量的增加而减小。 \n（5）青海省荒漠灌丛主要有唐古特白刺灌丛、盐爪爪灌丛、梭梭灌丛、多花柽柳灌丛等12个群落类型，据统计荒漠灌木植物有9科13属13种，灌木层种类较贫乏，高度分布范围为0.3~1.0m，盖度一般在35~85%之间。草本层植物种类稀少，仅有2科6属6种，主要有芦苇、芨芨草等，高度一般在0.1~0.3m之间，盖度5%左右。 \n（6）荒漠灌丛物种多样性较低，物种丰富度一般在1左右。 \n（7） 荒漠灌丛灌木层平均生物量为53.42t/hm2，草本层平均生物量为0.97t/hm2，凋落物层生物量为2.40t/hm2，荒漠灌丛的群落总生物量在7.84±0.92~228.51±29.68t/hm2之间，平均总生物量为56.70t/hm2。灌木层、草本层、凋落物层分别占总生物量的比例为92.91%、2.50%和5.28%。不同荒漠灌丛生物量从大到小依次是：多花柽柳灌丛＞膜果麻黄灌丛＞唐古特白刺灌丛＞甘青锦鸡儿灌丛＞梭梭灌丛＞具鳞水柏枝灌丛＞沙蒿灌丛＞盐爪爪灌丛＞驼绒藜灌丛＞猪毛菜灌丛＞合头草灌丛＞小叶金露梅（荒漠）灌丛。灌木层生物量分配特征是：枝干＞根＞叶，地下/地上为0.62:1，草本层生物量分配特征是：地下生物量＞地上生物量，地下/地上为2.46:1。 \n（8）荒漠灌丛群落生物量随着海拔的升高而降低，随着年均温的升高而增加，但却随着降雨量的增加而降低，与降雨量呈负相关关系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Shrub is one of the main vegetation types in Qinghai Province; it covers an area of 1.727 x 106 hm2. Research of Qinghai region shrub community structure can play an important role in restoring and protecting the regional ecological environment. This study chose 23 shrub types which was wide distribution in Qinghai Province as the research object, and shrub vegetation species composition, biodiversity, biomass allocation, community structure characteristics and its influencing factors were analyzed through the investigation of community coverage, height, biomass, growth environment factor on the 207 samples of 69 sites. The results showed that: \n（1） There are mainly 11 community types of alpine shrubs in Qinghai Province including Salix oritrepha, Potentilla fruticosa, Rhododendron thymifolium etc. according to the survey, which belongs to 7 families, 10 genera and 17 species. The shrub layer species composition is simple, vertical differentiation is obvious, height distribution is between 0.5 m and 1.6 m and coverage is between 35% and 70%. As for as herb layer, there are 40 families, 112 genera and 224 species of plants, and Kobresia myosuroides, Polygonum viviparum, Poa sinattenuata etc. are its main species. The community structure of herb layer is complex, and community height distribution is between 0.15 m and 0.65 m, coverage is between 40% and 60%. \n（2） The species diversity index is low and richness index is between 1 and 3 in shrub layer of alpine shrub communities. In the herb layer, the richness index between 10 and 50, Shannon-wiener index is from 2.05 to 3.68, Simpson index is between 0.02 and 0.18 and Pielou evenness index is from 0.80 to 0.96. The order of community species diversity from large to small is: Potentilla glabra community>Spiraea myrtilloides community>Sibiraea laevigata community>Potentilla fruticosa community>Caragana jubata community>Salix oritrepha community >Rhododendron thymifolium community. \n（3） The average biomass of alpine shrub layer is 24.69 t/hm2, herb layer average biomass is 6.63 t/hm2, litter layer average biomass is 1.81 t/hm2, total community biomass is between 20.47±3.36 and 56.14±12.61t/hm2，the community average total biomass is 32.32 t/hm2. The biomass of shrub layer, herb layer and litter layer accounts for the proportion of the total biomass of 74.02%, 19.79% and 6.19%, respectively. The order of biomass in different alpine shrub from large to small is: Caragana jubata shrub > Salix oritrepha shrub>Sibiraea laevigata shrub>Rhododendron qinghaiense shrub > Spiraea myrtilloides shrub>Potentilla glabra shrub> Rhododendron thymifolium shrub>Potentilla fruticosa shrub.The shrub layer biomass allocation characteristic is: root > branch>leaf, R/S was 0.78:1, the herb layer biomass allocation characteristic is: the underground biomass>the ground biomass, R/S was 2.37:1. \n（4） The typical shrub communities in Qinghai Province have different response to the change of environment factors such as altitude, annual average temperature, precipitation and et al. The species diversity of Rhododendron shrubs and Salix oritrepha shrub increases with the increase of altitude, but it decreases with the increase of altitude in Potentilla fruticosa shrub. And the species diversity of Rhododendron shrubs and Potentilla fruticosa shrub decreased with the increase of annual average temperature while it increases with the annual average temperature rise in Potentilla fruticosa shrub. Meanwhile, the species diversity of Rhododendron shrubs, Potentilla fruticosa shrubs, Salix oritrepha shrub species all increases with the increase of precipitation. As for as the biomass, the community biomass of Rhododendron shrubs increases with the rising of altitude, but it decreased with the altitude rises in Salix oritrepha shrubs and Potentilla fruticosa shrub. And community biomass in Rhododendron shrubs, Salix oritrepha shrubs and Potentilla fruticosa shrubs all increased with the rise of the annual average temperature, but all decrease along with the increase of precipitation. \n（5） There are mainly 12 community types of desert shrubs in Qinghai Province including Nitraria tangutorum shrub, Kalidium foliatum shrubs, Haloxylon ammodendron shrubs, Tamarix hohenackeri shrubs, etc according to the survey, which belongs to 9 families, 13 genera and 13 species. The shrub layer species composition is poor, height distribution is between 0.3 m and 1.0 m and coverage is between 35% and 85%. Herb layer species is relative rarely, only 2 families, 6 genera and 6 species, mainly include Phragmites australis, Achnatherum splendens, the height between 0.1m and 0.3 m, and coverage is about 5%. \n （6） The desert shrub species diversity is low, species richness is about 1, generally. \n（7） The desert shrub layer biomass is 53.42 t/hm2, herb layer biomass of 0.97 t/hm2, litter layer biomass was 2.40t/hm2, desert shrub communities total biomass was between7.84±0.9 2to 228.51±29.68t/hm2, the average total biomass was 56.70 t/hm2.The biomass of shrub layer and herb layer, litter layer accounts for the total biomass of 92.91%, 2.50% and 5.08%, respectively. Different desert shrub biomass from large to small is: Tamarix hohenackeri shrub>Ephedra przewalskii shrub>Nitraria tangutorum shru>Caragana tangutica shrub>Haloxylon ammodendron shrub>Myricaria squamosa shrub>Artemisia desertorum shrub>Kalidium foliatum shrub> Ceratoides latens shrub>Salsola collina shrub>Sympegma regelii shrub>Potentilla parvifolia （Desert） shrub.The shrub layer biomass distribution characteristic is:root>branch>leaf, root-shoot ratio was 0.62:1,the herb layer biomass distribution features is: the underground biomass > the ground biomass, root cap ratio 2.46:1. \n（8）Desert shrub community biomass increases with the increase of altitude, and it increases with the rising of annual average temperature, but decreases with the increase of precipitation, showing a negative relationship with precipitation. |
| 中文关键词 | 高寒灌丛 ; 荒漠灌丛 ; 物种多样性 ; 生物量 ; 青海省 |
| 英文关键词 | Alpine shrub Desert shrub Species diversity Biomass Qinghai Province. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287422 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 钟泽兵. 青海省主要灌丛群落特征及其与环境关系研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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