Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 神府东胜矿区煤田开采对农田土壤污染及其生态风险评估 | |
| 其他题名 | Coal mining caused pollution of farmland soil and its ecological risk assessment in Shenfu-Dongsheng minesite |
| 李冬梅 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 焦峰 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 神府东胜矿区位于毛乌素沙漠和西北黄土高原过渡地带的沙化区，生态环境脆弱，水土流失严重。矿区主要以露天开采为主，对其原地貌、地表植被等景观破坏严重，制约着矿区社会经济的可持续发展。 本研究以准格尔旗1990、2010年两期TM遥感影像为数据源，利用景观生态学理论及景观格局分析方法，对准格尔旗矿区的景观结构、景观格局及景观脆弱度进行了动态分析；并结合土壤重金属元素的实验数据，研究了矿区重金属元素的生态污染风险等，为今后治理与保护矿区生态环境、合理配置其景观格局及矿区资源的持续有效利用提供理论依据。结果表明： （1）20年间，准格尔旗各乡镇在景观水平与斑块水平上发生了显著的变化，其景观异质性变差、优势度明显降低，景观格局相对简单化，且景观多样性降低； （2）20年间，研究区三个区域的居民及工矿用地面积增加，显著影响着其景观构造的变化,研究区的植被覆盖面积呈增加趋势，但其景观更加离散、不规则化。矿区开发主导了矿区景观格局变化：加大建筑用地面积，严重地破坏耕地，减少耕地面积；而林地、草灌地面积虽有所增加，但其景观格局却更加破碎，生态系统更加不稳定。 （3）破碎度（包括斑块密度和边界密度）和分离度指数结合起来能很好地反映出景观信息与景观要素脆弱性之间的密切联系，在准格尔旗地区，人类活动所引起的景观破碎化和分离程度成为景观要素脆弱性的决定性因素。20年间，随着人类活动对自然资源资源的高强度开发及区域人口、社会经济的发展，导致人类活动对区域内景观要素干扰剧烈。20年间，准格尔旗南部区域生态脆弱度变化最大，总区域的生态脆弱度增大，说明其景观要素稳定性较差，对外界干扰较为敏感。 （4）四个煤矿的重金属含量差异较大，且孙家豪与何家塔煤矿的各种金属含量明显高于赵家梁与六道沟煤矿。多受到风向等因素的影响，每个样点上的元素存在方位上的规律性（ES>W>N），表现出明显的富集积累趋势。在横向距离及土壤垂直剖面上，各重金属元素都表现出逐渐降低的趋势，具有一定的波动性，变化幅度有差异。 （5）单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数结果基本一致，煤矿周围农田土壤均受到Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb不同程度的污染。其中四个煤矿Cd的污染最严重，且分别有71.4%与6.9%的采样点综合污染达到警戒水平。孙家豪与赵家梁煤矿周围农田土壤重金属元素的污染程度显著大于何家塔与六道沟煤矿。 （6）四个煤矿周围土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险系数范围在14.65~241.96之间，均值为24.70，处于低风险水平，但最大值已达到中等风险程度。孙家豪煤矿生态风险程度大于何家塔煤矿，RI值分别为 45.03和 20.04 ，赵家梁煤矿生态风险程度要大于六道沟煤矿，RI值分别为18.74和 14.97；单项元素的生态风险影响程度都是Cd 最大，Zn最小，且Cd对RI值的贡献最大，为矿区土壤环境中最主要的污染元素和潜在风险元素。Cd 是四个矿区土壤环境中最主要的污染元素和潜在风险元素。四个煤矿土壤重金属元素存在一定的同源性，具有明显的土壤重金属复合污染特征。 |
| 英文摘要 | Shenfu-Dongsheng mine area is located in the Mu Us Desert and the Loess Plateau transition zone of the northwest area of desertification, its ecological environment is fragile, accompanied by serious erosion. The mining based mainly on open-pit, which brint about serious damage to its original topography, vegetation landscape, restricted the sustainable socio-economic development of the mine. In this study, two years (1990 and 2010) TM images of Zhungeer region were taken as the data source, based on the landscape ecology theory and landscape pattern analysis method. The dynamic characteristics of landscape structure, landscape patterns and landscape vulnerability in the Zhungger mine were analyzed. Combined with the experimental data of heavy metals in soils, we studied ecological pollution of heavy metals in mine risk, providing a theoretical basis for the future management and protection of ecological environment of mining area, the rational allocation of the landscape pattern and sustained and effective utilization of mine resources.The results showed that: (1) During the 20 years, the landscape pattern of every townships in Zhungeer plaque has undergone significant changes in both landscape and patch level, among the landscape heterogeneity deteriorated, landscape dominance reduced, and landscape diversity decreased; (2) During the 20 years, building land area of the three regions was increased; it significant affected the changes of landscape structure. The area of vegetation cover in the study area had an increasing trend. However, the landscape was more dispersed and irregular. The mining area exploitation was the dominate factor to effect the changes of landscape pattern, such as enlarging the building area, destroying the farmland, and reducing the cultivated land area. Furthermore, although the woodland and grass-shrub land area were increased, its landscape pattern was more broken, and its ecosystem was more unstable. (3)Fragmentation (including patch density and edge density) and separation index combines well reflect the landscape of information and close ties between the fragile landscape elements, in Zhungeer County area, landscape fragmentation caused by human activities and the degree of separation of the vulnerability landscape elements become the decisive factor. In 20 years as the population, social and economic development of human activities on natural resources, resource development and regional high-intensity, resulting in the area of human activity on the landscape elements violent interference. During the 20 years, the ecological vulnerability of Zhungeer’s southern region changed biggest, while the ecological vulnerability of the total area was increased, indicating that its landscape elements were lesser stable and more sensitive to outside interference. (4)Heavy metal content of four mines was quite different, while the content of Sun Jiahao and He Jiata colliery was significantly higher than that of Zhao Jialiang and Liu Daogou mine. Multi-affected wind and other factors, the presence of elements in each sample point had some regularity azimuth (ES> W> N), showed significant enrichment accumulation trend. On the vertical profiles in the soil and lateral distance, each of heavy metals had shown a decreasing trend, with some volatility, changed in the magnitude of differences. (5) Single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index results were basically consistent, the surrounding farmland soils mines were subject to Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb polluted to varying degrees. Where Cd pollution was the most serious, moreover 71.4% and 6.9% of the sampling points and integrated pollution reached alarming levels. The farmland heavy metals pollution of Sun Jiahao and Zhao Jialiang mine were significantly greater than that of He Jiata and Liu Daogou mine. (6) The range of comprehensive potential ecological risk factor of soil heavy metal pollution surrounding the four mines were between 14.65 ~ 241.96 wi |
| 中文关键词 | 神府东胜矿区 ; 景观格局 ; 生态脆弱性 ; 生态风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 | Shenfu Dongsheng mine landscape pattern eco-environment vulnerability ecological risk assessment |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287419 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李冬梅. 神府东胜矿区煤田开采对农田土壤污染及其生态风险评估[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [李冬梅]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [李冬梅]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [李冬梅]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
