Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 科尔沁固定沙丘—丘间低地土壤水分运动研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Soil water movement studies in Horqin fixed dunes—dune lowland |
| 周学雅 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 代力民 ; 于大炮 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 我国干旱半干旱区占国土面积一半以上，沙害防治形势严峻，严重危害人类生活和生产，而植被能够有效防止风沙、保持水土，因此，植被恢复及营造至关重要。在干旱半干旱区，由于水分是植被生长的限制因子，所以研究干旱半干旱区水分格局及其运移规律对植被恢复及建造尤为重要，进而对沙害防治有重要指导意义。本研究选取科尔沁沙地固定沙丘—丘间低地景观单元为研究对象，于2013年5—9月，测定其土壤含水量，掌握了其土壤含水量随深度、坡位、时间的时空格局；并通过人工模拟降雨实验，探讨了固定沙丘—丘间低地的降雨入渗、土壤水分运动过程规律；最终基于水量平衡原理，结合土壤水动力学方程构建概念模型，求解出固定沙丘—丘间低地景观单元的水分传输量、蒸散量、贮水量变化，初步掌握其土壤水分运动规律。本文主要结论如下： (1) 沙丘不同部位水分垂直变化趋势不同，丘顶、丘中土壤含水量随土壤深度呈先增大，后减小的变化趋势；丘底土壤含水量的垂直变化趋势是先缓慢增加，在50cm处开始大幅度增加。土壤平均含水量从沙丘到丘间低地逐渐增大，丘间低地的土壤含水量远远大于沙丘的土壤含水量。土壤含水量随时间变化不显著，其中5月份，土壤含水量最高，6~7月最小。 (2) 人工降雨模拟实验表明，在同等降雨量下，沙丘的最大入渗深度大于丘间低地的最大入渗深度，而沙丘的入渗均匀度小于丘间低地的入渗均匀度；入渗均匀度随降雨量增加而增加；降雨入渗、再分配随时间和土层深度减弱；丘间低地地下水通过毛管上升作用补给土壤水。 (3) 研究期间，水分由固定沙丘向丘间低地传输，固定沙丘—丘间低地景观单元的平均水分传输量为38.4 mm；蒸散量为339.5 mm；贮水量变化为-121.9 mm。将固定沙丘—丘间低地景观单元从上向下依次分为丘顶、丘中、丘底、丘间低地四部分，则丘顶到丘中的土壤水分传输量小于丘中到丘底的传输量；从丘顶到丘间低地，土壤贮水量的减少值逐渐增大；蒸散量从丘顶到丘间低地逐渐增大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Arid and semi-arid regions covers more than half of China's total land area, and the situation of prevention and controlling of hazard related to sand is severe, doing harm to human life and production. However, vegetation can effectively prevent windy sand and play an important role in water and soil conservation. Consequently, it is crucial to restore and construct vegetation. In the arid and semi-arid regions, water is a key limiting factor in vegetation growth, so it is of great significance to investigate spatial pattern of soil moisture, as well as its transporation law, which have a guiding significance on controlling sand hazard. In this study, landscape units consisting of fixed dunes and lowland among sandy dunes, over Horqin sandy land, were selected as object of study. Then soil moisture was measured, from May to September in 2013, to gain insight into the change pattern of soil moisture with soil depth, slope position, and time. Besides that, this study also explored rainfall infiltration, the characteristics of soil water movement in one landscape unit by simulated rainfall experiments. Finally, this article constructs a conceptual model for solving the amount of water migration, evapotranspiration, and water storage changes based on the principle of water balance and soil water dynamics equation, and helps to grasp soil moisture migration law in Horqin fixed dunes and dune lowland. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The soil moisture with depth in the different parts of dunes exhibits different trends: the soil moisture of hilltop and mound with depth first increases, then decrease; the soil moisture of bottom first increases slowly, then dramatically increases from 50cm. The averaged soil moisture content increases from dune to dune lowland, and the soil moisture content in lowland is significantly higher than that in the dune. Overall, change in soil moisture with time is not significant, and the maximum of soil moisture appears in May, and the minimum is during June to July. (2) By the artificial rainfall simulation experiment, it shows that under the equal amount of rainfall, the maximum depth of infiltration in sand dunes is larger, but spatial pattern of infiltration shows less uniform in sand dunes, compared to that in lowland; infiltration uniformity increases with the increase of rainfall amount; rainfall infiltration and redistribution of rainfall decrease with time and depth; in lowlands, groundwater recharges soil moisture by capillary water movement. (3) During the study period, water moved from the dune to dune lowland. Overall, the amount of soil water transfer is 38.4 mm, evapotranspiration is 339.5 mm and the change of the storage capacity is -121.9 mm in dune and lowland. The fixed dunes—lowland landscape unit is divided into four parts from top to bottom: hilltop, mound, bottom and lowland. The amount of water transfer from hilltop to mound is less than that from mound to bottom. From top to bottom, the reduction of the storage capacity presents a gradual upward trend, and evapotranspiration shows a similar behaviour. |
| 中文关键词 | 沙丘—丘间低地 ; 土壤水分格局 ; 土壤水力参数 ; 土壤水分运动规律。 |
| 英文关键词 | Dune—dune lowland spatial pattern of soil moisture soil preferential flow soil hydraulic parameters soil moisture migration law. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287416 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周学雅. 科尔沁固定沙丘—丘间低地土壤水分运动研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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