Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 留茬和秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of stubble and mulching on soil wind erosion |
| 丛培飞 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 尹光华 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 阜新蒙古族自治县地处科尔沁沙地南缘，是典型的风沙半干旱区。受自然降水量少和风沙大的影响，土壤风蚀量大，作物产量低而不稳，严重地影响着该区生态环境和农业的可持续发展。为了探讨保护性耕作对土壤风蚀的影响，采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计，开展了不同留茬高度(0、5.3、18.0、30.7、36.0cm共5个水平)和秸秆覆盖量(0、658.8、2250.0、3841.2、4500.0kg/hm2共5个水平)的土壤风蚀效应田间试验。研究表明： （1）留茬和秸秆覆盖单因子对风蚀量的影响显著，且秸秆覆盖的作用大于留茬。边际风蚀效应随留茬高度的增高和秸秆覆盖量的增大均递增，递增幅度是秸秆覆盖量大于留茬高度。留茬和秸秆覆盖的交互作用能够显著影响农田土壤风蚀量，而且两因子同时变化对土壤风蚀量的影响比单因子更为敏感。当留茬高度为33.9cm、秸秆覆盖量为4255.7kg/hm2时，玉米农田风蚀量最小，仅为0.42t/hm2。 （2）播种期—成熟期，留茬和秸秆覆盖处理在0—20cm土层的土壤含水量高于对照，留茬高度相同，0—5cm土壤含水量随秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加。秸秆覆盖量较大的情况下，增加留茬高度，5—10cm土壤含水量增加不明显；对10—15cm土层，留茬高度在18cm时，处理的含水量在拔节期之前差化不大。秸秆覆盖量在2500.0kg/hm2，留茬高度在36cm时，15—20cm土壤含水量高于其它处理。对照在0—5cm和5—10cm土层土壤含水量变化最大。留茬和秸秆覆盖处理15—20cm土壤含水量的增加幅度要高于0—5cm和5—10cm。 （3）秸秆覆盖对产量的影响显著，作用远大于留茬。边际产量随留茬高度的增加呈递减趋势，随秸秆覆盖量增加呈递增趋势，且后者比前者变化趋势剧烈。留茬高度和覆盖量的交互作用显著。留茬高度和秸秆覆盖量均分别在36cm和4500.0kg/hm2水平时，产量为12421.60kg/hm2，其它水平留茬和秸秆覆盖的产量均低于该值。由产量和风蚀量之间的相关性可知，产量随着风蚀量的降低而增加。 结合风蚀量、产量与分别与留茬和覆盖量间的关系，确定出留茬高度为33.9cm、秸秆覆盖量为4255.70 kg/hm2时的风蚀量小、产量高，是辽西风沙半干旱区的适宜的留茬高度和秸秆覆盖量。 关键词：留茬，秸秆覆盖，风蚀量，产量，回归设计 |
| 英文摘要 | Fuxin Mongolian autonomous county is located in the Southern of horqin sandy land, where is a typical semi-arid areas. Affected by the less of natural rainfall and serious wind erosion, crop yield is low, and influence seriously the regional ecological environment and agricultural sustainable development. To seek for effects of soil wind erosion under conservation tillage, this field experiment was conducted by quadratic relation combination general design in the western of Liaoning Province. It was carried out with different levels of stubble heights (0, 5.3, 18.0, 30.7, 36.0cm) and the quantity of straw mulching (0, 658.8, 2250.0, 3841.2, 4500.0kg/hm2). Main conclusions were as follows: ①The experiment results showed that straw mulching quantity was the first factor to affect soil wind erosion, and stubble height was the second. Compared with straw mulching quantity, the marginal effect of stubble height on soil wind erosion was not obvious. The interaction of stubble height and straw mulching quantity was not only obvious, but also the effect of the two factors change was more sensitive than the single factor. When stubble height and straw mulching quantity were 33.9cm and 4255.7kg/hm2 respectively, amounts of lowest soil wind erosion was 0.42t/hm2. ②From the seedling stage to the mature stage, the soil water content of stubble and straw mulching treatments ware higher than the contrast from 0—20cm.When the stubble height was at the same level, soil water content increased with the increased straw mulching quantity from 0—5cm. Under the condition of straw mulching quantity was larger, soil water content increased not obviously with the increased stubble height from 5—10cm. When the stubble height was above 0 level, the soil water content increased not significantly at the elongation stage from 10—15cm. However, when the straw mulching quantity was 2500.0kg/hm2 and stubble height was 36cm, the soil water content was higher than other treatments from 15—20cm. The soil water content of the contrast changed more than treatments from 0—5cm and 5—10cm. For stubble and straw mulching treatments, the water content increased higher from 15—20cm than from 0—5cm and from 5—10cm. ③The straw mulching quantity was the first factor to affect yield and the stubble height was the second. The yield margin effect was decreasing by the increase of the stubble height and the straw mulching quantity. The affect of straw mulching quantity was larger than the stubble height. The stubble height and the straw mulching quantity interactively affected yield. When mulching quantity and stubble height were both +1.414 level, the yield was 12421.60kg/hm2, which was the highst. The corn yield was increasing with the decreasing in the soil wind erotion. According to the combination of soil wind erosion and yield and stubble and straw mulching respectively, it determined that the soil wind erosion was least and yield was high, when the stubble height was 33.9cm and the straw mulching quantity was 33.9kg/hm2. So they were the appropriate stubble height and straw mulching quantity in the windy desert area of western Liaoning Province. Keywords: stubble, straw mulching, soil wind erosion, corn yield, regulation design |
| 中文关键词 | 留茬高度 ; 秸秆覆盖 ; 风蚀量 ; 产量 ; 回归设计 |
| 英文关键词 | stubble height mulching quantity wind erosion yield regulation design |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287415 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 丛培飞. 留茬和秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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