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两种新疆药用植物和两种高等真菌化学成分研究
其他题名Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Two Medicinal Plants in Xinjiang and Two Higher Fungi
张燊
出版年2014
学位类型硕士
导师朱华结 ; 刘吉开
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
中文摘要本论文由五章组成。新疆独特的地理、气候条件和土壤类型孕育了具有独特价值的药用植物,其中一些被维吾尔族人民广泛应用,其单体成分值得关注。本论文第一、二章分别论述了两种新疆药用植物刺山柑(Capparis spinosa L.)及骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)的化学成分研究。高等真菌次生代谢产物具有新颖、多样的特点,其化学成分值得研究。本论文第三、四章分别阐述了两种高等真菌粉孢牛肝菌(Tylopilus sp.)和铁色集毛孔菌(Coltricia sideroides)的化学成分研究。最后一章对山柑属(Capparis)植物化学成分和药理作用进行了综述。 应用正相硅胶、反相硅胶、凝胶等柱层析手段结合高效液相制备分离技术以及核磁共振、质谱、紫外、红外、OR(optical rotation)、ECD(electronic circular dichroism)等波谱学手段并结合计算化学方法,共分离鉴定了个47个不同的化合物,包括8个新成分,其新结构分别为含氮化合物、倍半萜或烷烃衍生物。 第一章,刺山柑(Capparis spinosa L.)的化学成分研究。刺山柑为山柑科(Capparidaceae)山柑属 (Capparis)多年蔓生藤本植物,在我国的新疆乌鲁木齐、昌吉、哈密、博儿塔拉、喀什和吐鲁番等地有分布。其果和根入药,主要用于治疗痛风、类风湿性关节炎等。本论文从刺山柑茎和果实的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了15个化合物,其中3个为新化合物。其中两个新化合物为一个外消旋体经手性柱分离后获得的一对对映异构体。本文通过13C NMR、OR和ECD计算确定了3个新化合物的立体构型。 第二章,骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)的化学成分研究。骆驼刺是豆科(Leguminosae)植物骆驼刺属(Alhagi Gagneb.)植物。我国仅1种骆驼刺属植物,主要分布于新疆、内蒙古、甘肃等省区的平原荒漠和半荒漠地带。其叶可治疗关节肿痛;花用于清热解毒;全草治疗感冒发烧,胃腹湿热、肠炎;种子用于止热痢和牙痛;刺糖(茎叶分泌物)可用于治疗痢疾、体虚头晕、并有活精作用。本论文从骆驼刺茎的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了19个化合物。 第三章,粉孢牛肝菌(Tylopilus sp.)子实体的化学成分研究。粉孢牛肝菌是担子菌门(Basidiomycota)伞菌目(Agaricales)牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)大型高等真菌。其味苦而不能食用,一般被视为有毒菌。本论文从其乙醇和丙酮提取物的正丁醇萃取部位中分离鉴定了7个化合物。 第四章,铁色集毛孔菌(Coltricia sideroides)发酵液的化学成分研究。铁色集毛孔菌是担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)多孔菌目( Polyporales)多孔菌科( Polyporaceae)真菌。本论文从其发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离鉴定了6个化合物,包括5个新化合物。其中3个新的brasilane型倍半萜为首次从高等真菌发酵液中获得,另外2个新化合物为烷烃衍生物。 第五章,山柑属(Capparis)植物化学成分和药理作用研究进展。根据化合物结构特点归纳总结了山柑属植物化学成分,并总结了该属植物的生物活性研究进展。
英文摘要This dissertation is composed of five chapters. In chapters 1-4, chemical constituents of two medicinal plants, Capparis spinosa L. and Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., together with two macrofungi, Tylopilus sp. and Coltricia sideroides, have been investigated. The last chapter is a review about the chemical and bioactivities researches on the family of Capparis. 47 Compounds, including 8 new ones, have been isolated by use of various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the stereochemistry were determined by computations of 13C NMR, optical rotation (OR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The new compounds involved nitrogen containing compounds, sesquiterpenoids and alkane derivatives. The details are as follows: Chapter 1. Capparis spinosa L. belongs to the genus of Capparis. In China, it’s mainly distributed in Xinjiang province. The roots and fruits of Capparis spinosa L. have been used as a folk medicine for curing gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Phytochemical study on this plant resulted in the isolation of fifteen compounds, including three new ones. The absolute stereochemistry of the new compouds were assigned by computations of 13C NMR, OR and ECD. Chapter 2. Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. belongs to the genus of Alhagi Gagneb, and only this species in Alhagi Gagneb has been found in Xinjiang , Inner Mongolia and Gansu province of China. Nineteen compounds were isolated and identified from the ethanol extracts of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.. Chapter 3. The basidiomycete Tylopilus sp. with bitter taste belongs to the family Boletaceae. Generally it was considered to be inedible and poisonous. Seven compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Tylopilus sp.. Chapter 4. The basidiomycete Coltricia sideroides belongs to the family Polyporaceae. Six compounds were isolated from cultures of Coltricia sideroides, including five new ones, in which, three are brasilane-tpye sesquiterpenoids and two are alkane derivatives. While, brasilane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from cultures of mushroom for the first time. Chapter 5. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Capparis were reviewed.
中文关键词刺山柑 ; 骆驼刺 ; 粉孢牛肝菌 ; 铁色集毛孔菌 ; 化学成分
英文关键词Capparis spinosa L. Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. Tylopilus sp. Coltricia sideroides chemical constituents
语种中文
国家中国
来源学科分类药物化学
来源机构中国科学院昆明植物研究所
资源类型学位论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287409
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
张燊. 两种新疆药用植物和两种高等真菌化学成分研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014.
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