Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 天山中部典型流域冰川变化及对气候的响应 | |
| 其他题名 | Representative basins of glacier change in the middle of Tianshan Mountain and its response to climate change |
| 朱弯弯 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 上官冬辉 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 冰川，素有“高山固体水库”之称，是地球寒冷地区多年降雪集聚，经过变质作用形成而长期存在并具有运动特性的自然冰体。其覆盖面积约占地球陆地面积的10%，地球上约85%的淡水资源集聚在冰川上。近年来由于全球气候变暖，冰川变化对全球的河流的径流和海平面的上升产生了重大影响。对干旱区而言，冰川是其河流水资源的重要补给来源，且冰川能够调节径流，冰川的变化对干旱区的影响尤其大。气候变暖、冰川退缩使得冰川引发的灾害更为频繁。综上所述冰川变化在响应气候变化、对海平面上升的贡献、河川径流的调节及冰川灾害等方面的影响，因此对冰川的研究成为全球的热点问题。传统的冰川研究主要是研究人员利用野外观测仪器进行野外考察和观测,但是这样的方式费时费力又费财。随着遥感技术发展起来，为大范围的冰川观测提供了便捷省时省力的方法。本文是对Landsat5遥感数据结合ENVI和ArcGIS软件再结合冰川编目数据和DEM数据，获取研究区天山中段南坡开都河流域和北坡玛纳斯河流域1970年、2000年和2009年的冰川数据，并对存在的误差也做了分析和评估。然后对获取的冰川数据利用对比统计分析法进行总体特征时空分析以及南北坡的时空对比分析，并结合地面气象站点，分析冰川对气候的响应并探究南北冰川及其变化的差异性原因。得到的主要结果如下： 1.研究区天山中段北坡玛纳斯河流域和南坡开都河流域的冰川主要分布在海拔2661m-5258m，共发育冰川2691条，总面积是1847.33km2。北坡玛纳斯流域发育冰川1921条，总面积1356.65 km2，数量规模大，分布集中；南坡开都河流域发育冰川770条，总面积490.48 km2，数量规模小，分布稀疏。 2．1970-2009年研究区冰川共减少312条，面积缩小494.33 km2，减小26.8%，冰储量缩小32.73 km3，减小27.9%，且冰川面积在缩小的同时在迅速减薄。研究区1970-2009年、1979-2000年和2000-2009年的面积和冰储量年退缩率分别为0.8%、0.6%和1.3%。而且40年间，面积小于2-3 km2的冰川数量和冰川面积有所增加，面积大的整体呈现减少的趋势。冰川面积较大分布在海拔3850m-4200m之间，且在此海拔区间面积变化最大，但在海拔4700m以上的冰川变化都很微弱；冰川面积的变化数量与冰川所在海拔的面积大小以及海拔高度两个因素同时相关。 3.在1970-2009年间，北坡玛纳斯河流域冰川减少208条，面积减少335.05 km2，面积变化率为24.7%，年均面积和冰储量退缩率为0.7%，其中1970-2000年减少183.77 km2，2000-2009年减少151.28 km2，年均面积和冰储量退缩率分别为0.5%和1.4%；在1970-2009年间，南坡开都河流域冰川减少103条，面积减少159.28 km2，面积变化率为32.5%，年均面积和冰储量退缩率为1%，其中1970-2000年减少119.06 km2，2000-2009年减少40.22 km2，年均面积和冰储量退缩率分别为0.9%和1.1%。在数量上北坡冰川变化的面积和冰储量要大于南坡，但退缩速度南坡较快。从1970-2009年的年均变化率上看，南坡的年均变化率要大于北坡。前30年北坡玛纳斯河流域的冰川变化速度比较慢，而且比40年的平均年变化率还慢；后10年的北坡冰川年均变化率要大于南坡开都河流域的年均冰川变化率。在空间上，南北坡面积最大的海拔高度都有略微升高，且在海拔4700m以上的冰川变化都很微弱。 4.总体上看，影响研究区冰川变化的主要是气候因素中的气温，造成南北坡冰川变化差异的原因包括气温和降水。南坡的气温较高、升温趋势比较明显，线性趋势较强，而且南坡的升温趋势开始较早；北坡的气温较低、升温趋势较弱，气温波动性较大，升温趋势开始较晚。因此40年间南坡的冰川退缩速度比较快；北坡在2000年后明显的升温使其冰川退缩速度明显加快。在40年间，年内月气温变化，北坡的升温主要是冷季，月平均气温始终在零下10以下，对冰川退缩作用不大，冰川退缩速度较慢。南坡的冷暖季气温升温都比较大，并且R2值较大，线性升温趋势明显，南坡冰川退缩速度较快。降水对南北坡的冰川变化差异有很大程度的影响。北坡受到北冰洋气团和西风气流的影响，而且北坡是迎风坡，加之北坡气温较低，其冰川的分布的最低海拔较南坡来说比较低。北坡雨季和旱季降水增加都较多；南坡雨季降水增加多，旱季降水增加趋势不明显。由于暖季降水是液态降水，加之南坡暖季升温快，并不能减缓冰川退缩；而北坡旱季，属冷季，降水增加，多为固态降水，因此对冰川退缩有一定的减慢作用。因此北坡冰川退缩速度较慢。 关键词：冰川变化 玛纳斯河流域 开都河流域 气温 降水 |
| 英文摘要 | Glaciers，known as “living fossil”, are long-standing natural and long-standing ice with movement characteristics and. They are deformed by snow accumulation over many years. Glaciers cover 10% of the world’s land area and possess about 85% of the fresh water resources. Glaciers significantly impacts on water resources and sea level under the influence of climate warming in recent decades. Especially in many dry climates, glaciers, which produce snow-melt runoff, are important for water resources. Glaciers can regulate streamflow, meanwhile, glaciers induce disasters more frequently because of glacier shrinkage. So it has became a hot and global issue. Researchers mainly use observation instrument for field study in traditional glacier research, which takes more intensive labor power, time and costs. The application of remote sensing technology in the study of glacier change applies a convenient and easy method. This article used Landsat5 remote sensing data processed by ArcGIS and ENVI software, glacier inventory data and DEM data obtaining the glacier data of the Kaidu River Basin (KRB)in the south side of Tianshan Mountain and Manas River Basin (MRB)in the north side of Tianshan Mountain in 1970, 2000 and 2009 and the uncertainty of dataset was analyzed and evaluated. Then, the distribution of characteristics of glaciers in time and space and difference of the south and the north side of Tianshan Mountain are analyzed by contrast statistic analysis method. In addition, combining with the documents from weather station recorded, glacier change response to climate and reasons of difference in the south and north of Tianshan Mountain are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. There are 2691 glaciers with area of 1847.33km2 in study region, where glaciers are mainly distributed in an altitude of 2661m-5258m in 1970. There are 770 glaciers with area of 490.48km2 in KRB of where glaciers are in small quantity and dispersedness and there are 1921 glaciers with area of 1356.65 km2 in MRB of where glaciers are in large quantity and concentration. 2. The glaciers in two river basin have experienced significant shrinkage from 1970 to 2009. The glacier area has decreased by 494.33km2, accounting for 26.8% of total area in 1970 with rate of 0.8% per year and glacier volume as decreased by 32.73 km3, accounting for 27.9% of glacier volume in 1970. So thickness obviously thinned while glacier area shrank. The area/volume changes ratio in per year in 1979-2000 and 2000-2009 were 0.6% and 1.3%. The glacier area, which is less than 2-3 km2, has increased in area and quantity while the larger area of glaciers presented the tendency of decrease during 40 years. Glacier with larger area distributes between the altitude of 3850m-4200m, which is the altitude range of the biggest area change, but above the altitude of 4700 m, the glacier change is very weak. Glacier area change is related to the glacier area of altitude and the altitude of glacier. 3. Glacier in MRB has shrank by 208 with 335.05 km2, accounting for 24.7% and area changes ratio and glacier volume changes ratio in per year was 0.7% during 40 years. Glacier area has shrank 183.77 km2 from 1970 to 2000 and 151.28 km2 from 2000 to 2009. The area changes ratio and glacier volume changes ratio in per year in 1979-2000 and 2000-2009 were 0.5% and 1.4%. Glacier in KRB has shrank by 103 with 159.28 km2, accounting for 32.5% and area changes ratio and glacier volume changes ratio in per year was 1% during 40 years. Glacier area has shrank 119.06 km2 from 1970 to 2000 and 40.22 km2 from 2000 to 2009. The area changes ratio and glacier volume changes ratio in per year in 1979-2000 and 2000-2009 were 0.9% and 1.1%. The quantity of glacier area in MRB is larger than that in KRB, but the KRB of area changes ratio in per year is larger than that of the MRB from 1970 to 2009. Glaciers change speed in the MRB of 30 years is slower than that of average annual change rate of 40 years and gla |
| 中文关键词 | 冰川变化 ; 玛纳斯河流域 ; 开都河流域 ; 气温 ; 降水 |
| 英文关键词 | Glacier Change Kaidu River Basin Manas River Basin temperature precipitation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287399 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱弯弯. 天山中部典型流域冰川变化及对气候的响应[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [朱弯弯]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [朱弯弯]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [朱弯弯]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
