Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 荒漠植物红砂和珍珠种间联生的相互作用关系 | |
| 其他题名 | Interaction between Desert Plants Reaumuuria Soongorica and Salsola Passerina in Interspecific Associated Growth |
| 张海娜 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 苏培玺 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 在干旱荒漠地区的某些生境下，C3荒漠植物红砂（Reaumuria soongorica Maxim.）和C4荒漠植物珍珠（Salsola passerina Bunge）以单生和联生的方式共存于一个混生群落，这是珍贵的C3和C4植物联生类型。本论文主要从红砂和珍珠地上部分的形态结构和光合生理特征、以及地下根系形态特征的角度出发，研究它们在自然状况下的种间相互作用关系，及其对不同水分条件和根系分隔的响应。 1、自然状态下联生时，红砂的叶片厚度和贮水组织厚度增加，珍珠叶片的栅栏组织和贮水组织厚度减小，而且栅栏细胞排列疏松。联生时红砂和珍珠的黎明水势和正午水势以及叶氮含量高于单生。联生时红砂的光合速率显著高于单生，而珍珠的光合速率则低于单生。联生时水分和养分条件得到改善，C3植物红砂能够较好的利用联生条件生长，而 C4植物珍珠则更为高效节省地利用环境资源。 对地下根系来说，单生时，红砂和珍珠的细根（直径<2 mm）主要分布在10-20 cm和20-30 cm的土层深度；联生时，这两种植物的根系均主要分布在10-20 cm的土层，互相重叠，细根在总根系中的比重和比根长增加。表明联生时根系重叠促进了珍珠细根的伸长生长，比根长增加使这两种植物对荒漠贫瘠土壤的适应性增强。 2、水分处理按照田间持水量（FWC，17.75%）的20%、50%和70%进行，对照为田间持水量的12%左右，土壤含水量为2.24%。不同水分条件下单生和联生时红砂和珍珠的光合生理和根系特征对种间相互作用的响应如下：自然状态下联生时，红砂的水势和叶氮含量以及PS II的潜在和实际光化学效率（Fv/Fm和Yield）与单生相比显著升高，细根表面积和根重降低；珍珠的Fv/Fm和Yield较单生时降低，细根长增加；20%FWC条件下红砂和珍珠地上和地下部分的生长均与自然状况下相反；50%FWC条件下联生时，红砂和珍珠的水分或养分条件得到改善，PSII的光化学效率以及细根的根长和根重均显著高于单生；70%FWC条件下，这两种植物的环境条件、PSII的光化学效率在单生和联生之间差异不显著，红砂地下部分细根的根长、表面积和根重减小，粗根比重增加，珍珠细根和粗根的根重均增加。就生物量来说，在各水分条件下，红砂和珍珠的地上和总生物量在单生和联生之间差异不显著，地下生物量在两种生长方式之间差异较大，说明植物种间关系主要是通过根系而非冠层进行。在水分胁迫条件（对照和20% FWC）下联生时，它们的地下生物量以及根冠比显著低于单生，在适水和高水条件（50%和70%FWC）下联生时地下生物量有所增加，根冠比在两种生长方式之间无显著差异。说明胁迫条件下，红砂和珍珠在种间相互作用下进行资源再分配进而协调地上和地下部分的生长；水分条件适宜或者高水条件下，联生促进了红砂和珍珠地下生物量的积累。 不管在哪个水分条件下联生，红砂和珍珠的相对总生物量都大于1，它们的生态位在联生中发生不同程度的分离，珍珠和红砂分别在20%和50%FWC条件下具有明显的竞争优势。在土壤含水量低于20%FWC时，红砂和珍珠的种间关系即相对竞争指数符合胁迫梯度假说（SGH）；土壤含水量高于20%FWC时，种间关系符合二次曲线型，在土壤含水量为54%FWC左右时，种间促进作用达到最大值。 3、根系分隔实验表明：自然状况下，相对于尼龙网（MB，根系无接触但有物质交换）和塑料膜（SB，根系无接触无物质交换）分隔，无隔（NB，根系有接触和物质交换）时红砂和珍珠PS II的Fv/Fm和Yield分别显著升高和降低，珍珠细根的根长、表面积、根重也升高；20%FWC条件下，从NB-MB-SB，红砂和珍珠的光化学效率依次明显升高和降低，珍珠细根根长的递增幅度增大；50%FWC条件下，NB和MB时红砂的水势和叶氮含量、珍珠的水势以及细根的根长、表面积和比根长显著高于SB；70%FWC条件下，NB和MB时红砂的水势、叶氮含量、Yield以及细根重，珍珠粗根的根长、表面积和根重显著低于SB。综上，随着土壤含水量的增加和胁迫程度的减弱，红砂和珍珠的光合生理和根系特征对种间相互作用的响应从以根系接触为主导作用向以水分和养分的流通为主导作用转化。 |
| 英文摘要 | In the desert region of China, some C3 and C4 shrubs coexisted in some specific habitats and adapted to the extreme arid environment with high temperature and intensive radiation by either in isolated or associated growth, which is the precious associated growth between C3 and C4 plants. The response strategy and mechanisms of the interspecific relationship between R. soongorica and S. passerina to different water conditions and root barriers were investigated in this paper, based on plant morphological stucture and photosynthesis aboveground and the root characteristics underground. 1 Under the natural condition, the δ13C values in associated growth were significantly lower in R. soongorica and higher in S. passerina than in isolated growth, indicating the better water status for R. soongorica and more severe water stress for S. passerina in associated growth. R. soongorica showed an increase in aqueous tissue thickness, and main vein diameter and an increase in leaf thickness and foliar nitrogen content per unit mass, whereas S. passerina presented a decrease in the thickness and density of palisade tissue, and a decrease in aqueous tissue thickness, and leaf area, compared with isolated growth. With the increase in available water and nutrient in associated growth during plant growing season, R. soongorica obtained higher photosynthesis with an increase in transpiration rate and effective quantum Yield of photosystem II (PS II), whereas S. passerina showed a decrease in Pn and Tr. The results showed that C3 plant R. soongorica takes advantage of more available resource, while S. passerina utilizes environmental resource more effectively and positively in associated growth. In terms of plant roots, the fine roots of R. soongorica and S. passerina were found mainly in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in isolated growth, respectively. However, the fine roots of both species were mostly overlapped in 10-20 cm in associated growth. The root/canopy ratios of both species reduced, whereas the ratios of their fine roots to coarse roots in RL increased, and both species had an increased specific root length (SRL) in the fine roots in associated growth. In addition, there was an increase in root length (RL) of fine roots and root N content in S. passerina in associated growth. Taken together, the root growth of S. passerina was facilitated for water and nutrient exploration under the interaction of the overlapped roots in both species in associated growth, and the higher SRL allowed both species to more effectively adapt to the infertile soil in the desert ecosystem. 2 The different water conditions were carried out as 20%, 50% and 70% of the field water capacity (FWC, 17.75%). The control was about 12%FWC and the soil water content was 2.24%. The response of the photosynthetic physiology and root characteristics of R. soongorica and S. passerina to interspecific interaction in isolated and associated growths under different water conditions was as follows. Under the control water condition, for R. soongorica, the predawn leaf water potential (LWP), leaf nitrogen content, and the maximum and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Yield) were increased, and the root surface area (RSA) and root weight (RW) of fine roots reduced in associated growth, compared with isolated growth; the photosynthetic capacity of R. soongorica decreased, and its fine roots were significantly prolonged in associated growth. The corresponding indexes of the aboveground and underground parts of R. soongorica and S. passerina between the two growth forms under 20%FWC condition were contrary with that under the control condition. When associated grown under 50% FWC condition, the water or nutrient condition was improved for R. soongorica and S. passerina, the photochemical efficiency of PSII as well as RL and RW of the fine roots of both species were significantly higher than that in isolated growth. Under 70%FWC, the environment condition and photochemical e |
| 中文关键词 | C3植物 ; C4珍珠 ; 叶绿素荧光 ; 根系特征 ; 根系分隔 |
| 英文关键词 | C3 plant C4 plant chlorophyll Fluorescence root traits root barrier |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287382 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张海娜. 荒漠植物红砂和珍珠种间联生的相互作用关系[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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