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| 二穗短柄草及四种荒漠植物耐盐性离子平衡机制研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Studies on ionic homeostasis mechanisum of Brachypodium distachyon and four desert plants, under sal |
| 杨小菊 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 赵昕 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 近年来随着土壤的盐渍化和次生盐渍化的加剧，盐碱化治理越来越受到重视。本论文以新型的禾本科模式植物二穗短柄草及沙坡头地区常见的四种荒漠植物：蝶果虫实、砂蓝刺头、红砂与珍珠猪毛菜为研究材料，通过水培试验，研究了NaCl胁迫对幼苗生长及各器官离子分布状况的影响，初步得出了二穗短柄草和四种荒漠植物耐盐离子平衡机制。主要包括以下内容： 1.二穗短柄草耐盐离子平衡机制：采用4种浓度逐渐递增的NaCl 溶液：50、100、150、200 mmol/L，处理二穗短柄草和拟南芥（对照）幼苗，测定了不同浓度盐胁迫下两种植物幼苗的生长指标和离子相对含量。结果表明：盐胁迫显著抑制二穗短柄草根叶中生物量的积累；根冠比数据显示在盐胁迫条件下二穗短柄草能够更好地维系地下部分生物量的积累；在4种浓度盐胁迫下，二穗短柄草叶中Na+ 含量低于根系，K+、Cl－ 含量和K+/Na+ 比值始终高于根系，说明在二穗短柄草中Na+ 从地下到地上的转运被有效抑制，但是对Cl－ 的转运缺乏有效的调控。回归分析发现盐胁迫下二穗短柄草和拟南芥根部Na+ 与K+ 含量变化呈正相关关系，而在叶部则不相关，说明二者在根部具有相同的离子通道，而在叶部却具有各自独立的转运途径。 2.蝶果虫实耐盐离子平衡机制：采用营养液培养法研究了不同浓度NaCl盐胁迫对蝶果虫实幼苗含水量及矿质离子在根茎叶中的吸收和分配的影响。结果表明：NaCl浓度为100mmol/L时植株含水量有所降低，高于200mmol/L时，含水量有不同程度的增加，可见，碟果虫实以增加植株含水量，稀释盐离子浓度的方式减缓盐离子造成的生理干旱；盐胁迫下植株根部拦截了部分Na+ 减缓了对地上部分的伤害，从S Na+，K+ 数据分析发现叶片对K+ 离子吸收具有很好的选择性, 对于维持地上部分离子平衡、降低Na+ 毒害和正常的光合作用具有重要意义。随着根系对Na+ 和Cl- 吸收的增加, Si4+﹑K+﹑Ca2+含量逐渐降低，引起Si4+/Na+﹑Ca2+/Na+﹑K+/Na+ 比值具有显著性降低，但地上部分降低的程度显著低于地下部分, 因此有利于避免地上部分矿质营养元素的缺乏, 以维持地上部营养平衡和正常生长。 3.砂蓝刺头耐盐离子平衡机制：采用营养液水培法研究了不同浓度NaCl 胁迫下(盐浓度为0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mmol/L)砂蓝刺头幼苗含水量变化，测定不同器官中Na+﹑Cl-﹑Si4+﹑K+﹑Ca2+ 的含量，并分析了K+/Na+﹑Ca2+/Na+﹑Si4+/Na+ 值的变化。结果表明：盐胁迫下，砂蓝刺头幼苗含水量在盐处理浓度为100、200、300、400 mmol/L时分别比对照升高了9.86%、1.41%、4.23%、8.45%，说明盐胁迫下植株组织含水量有所提高，从而稀释了体内盐离子浓度，降低盐胁迫造成的生理干旱。盐胁迫下砂蓝刺头根部的Na+ 和Cl- 含量高于叶片，这有利于渗透调节，同时减弱了盐胁迫对地上部的毒害；根系Si4+﹑K+﹑Ca2+ 的含量及K+/Na+﹑Ca2+/Na+﹑Si4+/Na+ 比值比对照显著性下降，叶部Si4+﹑K+ 的含量和K+/Na+，Ca2+/Na+，Si4+/Na+ 比值比对照有所增加或差异不显著，维持了地上部分离子稳定。分析离子选择性吸收的SNa+，K+ 数据发现，盐胁迫下砂蓝刺头根部拦截了部分Na+ 减缓了对地上部分的伤害，叶片对K+ 吸收具有很好的选择性，对于维持地上部分离子平衡和正常的光合作用具有重要意义。 4.红砂与珍珠猪毛菜耐盐离子平衡机制：本实验经0-400 mmol/L NaCl盐溶液共同胁迫红砂与珍珠猪毛菜幼苗10d，检测它们的含水量、主要矿质离子在根茎叶的分布。结果表明：珍珠猪毛菜叶片具有“吸钾排钠的”耐盐特征，红砂叶片具备“吸钠排钾”的特征，吸收利用无机矿质离子存在互补性。红砂根系Cl- 含量逐渐增加，为珍珠猪毛菜的2-5倍，存在显著性差异；珍珠猪毛菜根中Ca2+ 离子含量为红砂的2-3倍，红砂与珍珠猪毛菜根茎叶Ca2+ 含量变化趋势相同，先降低后增强；红砂根中Si4+含量是珍珠猪毛菜的3-5倍，结果发现它们都是通过增强茎中Si4+含量参与耐盐作用。因此，红砂与珍珠猪毛菜的群落在耐盐离子吸收分配方面，根中吸收的离子侧重不同，红砂以Na+、Cl-、Si4+为主，珍珠猪毛菜以K+、Ca2+为主，珍珠猪毛菜耐盐性比红砂更强。随着盐胁迫的程度加强，二者Na+ 在叶部的选择性吸收降低，对K+ 的选择性吸收升高，从而增强了二者的抗盐性，最终减弱了盐害程度, 共同促进它们的耐盐适应性。 综上所述，盐分胁迫下，二穗短柄草及四种荒漠植物通过增加地上部分的吸水量，根部拦截Na+ 减缓了对地上部分的伤害，荒漠植物还可通过叶片对K+ 的选择性吸收及增加矿质离子Si4+﹑K+ 的含量保持地上部分营养平衡，荒漠共生红砂与珍珠猪毛菜在吸收离子方面具有互补效应。 |
| 英文摘要 | In this paper, hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seedling growth and ionic homeostasis mechanism in different five plants: Brachypodium distachyon, Corisperimum patelliforme, Echinops gmelini Turcz, Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina under NaCl solution stress, The main research results were showed as follows: 1. The ionic homeostasis mechanism of the Brachypodium distachyon: To investigate the Effect of salt stress on growth and ion distribution of Brachypodium distachyon (Bd21), the Brachypodium distachyon seedlings were treated with various concentration of NaCl, while the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were used as controls. The growth of roots and leaves of Brachypodium distachyon was markedly inhibited under salt treatments. Based on the results of root/leaf ratio, root growth of the Brachypodium distachyon was better than that of Arabidopsis seedlings under the same salt treatments, suggesting that Brachypodium distachyon is more tolerant to salt stress compared to the Arabidopsis seedlings. In addition, the leaf Na+ content was lower than that in roots, and the K+, Cl-, and the ratio of K+/ Na+ in leaves were higher than those in roots under salt treatments, indicating that the transport of Na+ from the root to the shoot is effectively inhibited in Brachypodium distachyon. At the end, the positive correlations of Na+ and K+ content were found in Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis roots, however, no correlations were found in leaves. These results implied that the same transporters are used to transport the Na+ and K+ in both plant roots and different channels are needed in leaves. 2. The ionic homeostasis mechanism of the Corispermum patelliforme: Corispermum patelliforme，an annual wild plant distributed in arid desert areas of the North China and Mongolia. This paper was studied that the responses on the relative water content, ion absorption and distribution under different concentration of NaCl stress. The results indicated that low concentration of NaCl salt stress enhanced the ability of water absorption of the plant cell. With the increasing uptake of Na+ and Cl- by roots, the seedlings of C. patelliforme accumulated a large amount of Na+ and Cl- content as their osmotic adjustment matters to defend salt stress. The accumulation of Ca2+, K+ and Si4+ content and the ratios of K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Si4+/Na+ ratio in root, stem and leaf of C.patelliforme decreased significantly respectively. The K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Si4+/Na+ ratio level in roots were significantly higher than that in shoots under salt treatments. The C. patelliforme roots retained more Na+ and prevent Na+ entering the leaves. Therefore the Na+ damage on leaves was reduced. The K+ Selective absorption on leaves of C. patelliforme were strengthened under NaCl stress, which was significant for keeping iron homeostasis and remain normal photosynthesis in shoots. 3. The ionic homeostasis mechanism of the Echinops gmelini: Echinops gmelini is an annual wild plant distributed in arid desert areas of the North China. The changes on the water content, Na+, Cl-, Si4+, K+, Ca2+ content and K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, Si4+/Na+ ratio were measured in Echinops gmelini seedlings under different concentrations of salt solution stress (from 0-400 mmol/L NaCl). The research results show that the water contents indicated significant enhancement by 9.86%, 1.41%, 4.23%, 8.45% under 100, 200, 300, 400 mmol/L salt stress respectively. Therefore the ability of water absorption of the seedlings was enhanced under salt stress. Na+ and Cl- content of roots were higher than that of leaves under salt stress，so the salt ion damage on the leaves was reduced. The NaCl salt stress markedly decreased the Si4+, K+, Ca2+ concentrations and K+/Na+﹑Ca2+/Na+﹑Si4+/Na+ ratio in root. Through analysis SNa,K data, it was found that the Echinops gmelini roots retained more Na+ and reduced the Na+ damage on leaves; The Echinops gmelini seedlings select |
| 中文关键词 | 盐胁迫 ; 二穗短柄草 ; 蝶果虫实 ; 砂蓝刺头 ; 红砂 ; 珍珠猪毛菜 ; 离子平衡机制 |
| 英文关键词 | salt stress Brachypodium distachyon Corisperimum patelliforme Echinops gmelini Turcz Reaumuria soongorica Salsola passerina ionic homeostasis. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287380 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨小菊. 二穗短柄草及四种荒漠植物耐盐性离子平衡机制研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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