Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 蒙古高原蚜虫物种多样性与分布格局研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Species diversity and distribution pattern of aphids in the Mongolian Plateau |
| 张斌 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 乔格侠 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 蒙古高原是一个相对封闭的干旱、半干旱内陆高原。在地质历史时期曾经历了喜马拉雅造山运动和第四纪冰川，这些地质运动对蚜虫区系产生了巨大的影响。尽管如此，仍有很多古老蚜虫物种得以保存。蒙古高原大部分地区生态环境比较恶劣，蚜虫在长期的进化历程中，形成了一批高度适应干旱环境和荒漠植被的旱生化类群。近年来随着全球变暖，蒙古高原干旱少雨，风蚀沙化、水土流失状况的进一步加剧，导致本地区生态环境变得愈加脆弱，植被组成也发生了根本性变化，生物多样性受到一定程度上的破坏。对于与植物关系密切的蚜虫而言，其物种多样性也遭受到极大影响。蒙古高原是世界动物地理区划中重要组成部分，也是世界动物物种多样性研究的重要地域。因此，对蒙古高原蚜虫区系与物种多样性开展深入研究具有理论和实践上的重要意义。 多年来，诸多国内外学者对蒙古高原蚜虫区系进行了研究，但其研究地域多有局限，大多数是将蒙古高原拆分成若干独立单元开展相关研究，未能站在把蒙古高原作为一个整体的高度结合其地形地貌、生态背景及植被环境等诸多因素进行系统的研究。本研究基于前人研究工作，尤其在中国科学院国际合作项目\ |
| 英文摘要 | Mongolian Plateau is a relatively closed arid, semi-arid inland plateau. In the geological history, it has experienced two important events, Himalayan orogeny and Quaternary glaciers, which has strongly influenced the aphid fauna. However, many aphids with old age still could survive. The ecological environment of most Mongolian Plateau has been worsened, and in the long evolutionary history, an aphids group, which highly adapted to arid desert vegetation in arid environments, well developed. With the global warming recently, Mongolian Plateau was drought, wind erosion, desertification and soil erosion increasingly, which caused the ecological environment of this region becoming easily broken, and vegetation changing basically with the biodiversity being destroyed. Furthermore, for the aphids which have close relationships with plants, their species diversities were also affected greatly. Mongolian Plateau is the important part of the world zoogeographic distributions and an important region in the world species diversity. Therefore, study on the aphid fauna and diversity in Mongolian Plateau is important theoretically and practically. For years, many domestic and foreign experts have been working on the aphids fauna of Mongolian Plateau, but most studies were focused on several partition of this plateau separately rather than studying systematically on the whole Mongolian Plateau combining with its landform, ecological factors and vegetation environment. Following on previous studies, this research work is carried out based on a large number of aphid specimens mainly from the collections which some scientists collected for four years field work on Mongolian Plateau funded by the project 'Species diversity research on Mongolian Plateau' and the collections of National Zoological Museum of China (CAS) preserved for 60 years. Based on the species identified morphologically and distributional information, the species composition, geographical distribution and fauna of aphids are studied here, which is aimed at understanding the aphid species of Mongolian Plateau, clarifying the constituent and fauna of aphids on the Mongolian plateau, revealing its distribution pattern and characteristics to explore the origin and evolution of aphid fauna on the Mongolian plateau and its relationship with the aphid fauna on its adjacent areas. In this thesis, 280 species and 104 genera in 14 sub-families of three families are recognized, including 15 newly described species, five newly recorded genera and 12 newly recorded species from China, the newly records from Mongolia: six genera and 26 species, and the newly records from Inner Mongolia: one tribe, 15 genera and 36 species. Moreover, the detailed description of the new taxa and new records with their morphological figures are provided here, together with their host plants, biology and distribution information. Based on these known species, keys to genera and species with the diagnosis of each genus are also given. The newly described and recorded species are listed here as following: 15 newly described species: Brachycaudus (Thleaphis) qingshuiheus sp. nov., Brachyunguis (Brachyunguis) bulganensis sp. nov., Coloradoa geolia sp. nov., Coloradoa tuberculata sp. nov., Chaetosiphella erdosensis sp. nov., Cryptosiphum wushenensis sp. nov., Diuraphis (Diuraphis) lata sp. nov., Ephedraphis mongolica Qiao & Zhang, 2013, Iziphya noenensis sp. nov., Hydaphias binderensis sp. nov., Nevkya stipa sp. nov., Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) asterothamnum sp. nov., Phylloxerina euphratica sp. nov., Saltusaphis mongolica sp. nov., Sipha (Rungsia) irkutskia sp. nov. 5 genera and 12 species newly recorded from China: Aphidura Hille Ris Lambers, 1956, Holmania Szelegiewicz, 1964, Nasonovia Mordvilko, 1914, Staegeriella Hille Ris Lambers, 1947, Volutaphis B?rner, 1939; Protrama radicis (Kaltenbach, 1843), Macropodaphis primigenius Ivanoskaya, 1965, Chaitophorus euphraticus Hodjat, 1981, Atheroides doncasteri |
| 中文关键词 | 蒙古高原 ; 蚜虫 ; 区系 ; 分类 ; 物种多样性 ; 地理分布 |
| 英文关键词 | Mongolian Plateau aphids fauna classification species diversity geographical distribution |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 动物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287375 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张斌. 蒙古高原蚜虫物种多样性与分布格局研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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