Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 宁蒙沿黄地带产业结构演变与环境变化互动机理研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on the Interactive Mechanism between the Industrial Structure Evolution and Environment Change in the Areas along the Yellow River of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia |
| 王菲 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 董锁成 ; 李宇 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 加强不同层次、不同区域人类需求驱动下的环境变化及人类的适应性研究，是我国人地关系系统研究的重要方面。本文的案例区宁蒙沿黄地带位于黄河中上游，是我国干旱半干旱区生态环境脆弱敏感地带和水土流失最严重的地区之一，也是横跨我国中西部的国家级重要能源原材料基地。长期以来，以高污染、高耗能、高排放的资源型工业为主导的产业结构，使得当地人地关系恶化、经济发展与环境保护矛盾尖锐。本文以优化人地关系、促进区域经济可持续发展为目标，在对国内外区域产业结构演变与环境互动关系研究进展进行总结与评价的基础上，从理论上探讨了区域产业结构演变与环境互动机理，并对宁蒙沿黄地带产业结构演变历程、特征及环境变化状况进行了分析，定量测度了产业结构演变产生的环境效应，并对未来产业结构演变与环境互动趋势进行预测，最后提出宁蒙沿黄地带产业结构与环境协调发展模式及对策。主要结论如下： （1）区域产业结构演变通过投入结构效应、生产结构效应、空间结构效应对环境产生影响。各产业资源投入类型、规模以及投入产出效率的不同将产生不同的投入结构效应，带来环境污染的差异；生产结构效应对环境的影响，主要源于不同类型、不同规模的产业（尤其是工业）在生产过程中对资源的消耗程度、污染排放类型、排放规模及排放强度不同，由此产生不同的污染效应；空间结构效应对环境的影响，主要包括产业空间区位选择、产业空间分布密度、产业空间转移等对区域环境污染分布、污染密集程度、污染扩散等方面产生影响。 （2）对宁蒙沿黄地带产业发展历程、结构演变特征及面临的主要环境问题进行分析，结果表明宁蒙沿黄地带自1990年以来重工业化程度持续、快速加深，以煤炭开采与洗选业为主的重化工业是推动该区域工业发展的主要动力，也是近几年来工业主要增长行业。区域工业结构有一定的单一化发展趋势，尤其是石嘴山、鄂尔多斯、乌海三地，与区域整体产业结构相似度显著提高。目前面临的主要环境问题是，大气污染较为严重，固体废弃物和废水治理水平有待提高，地表水污染总体而言并不严重，但是区域整体重化工业高强度的发展态势，将加剧未来水污染程度，并可能引发流域上下游地区间的水资源纠纷，此外，采煤沉陷区的环境治理和生态修复是未来各地区面临的重要问题。 （3）从1990-2010年宁蒙沿黄地带工业结构的环境污染特征变化趋势的定量分析来看，除巴彦淖尔和鄂尔多斯的工业结构废水排放强度有所降低，其余地区的工业结构都表现出不同程度的废水排放强度提高的趋势；银川、呼和浩特的工业结构向着二氧化硫排放强度更高的趋势发展，石嘴山、乌海等地的工业结构具有高强度粉尘排放特征并不断强化，未来大气污染治理的任务艰巨；对于固体废弃物污染而言，几乎所有地区都呈现出了排放强度提高的趋势。 （4）对宁蒙沿黄地带2001-2011年的环境污染效应进行分解，结果发现结构效应对降低污染排放有一定的作用，但与技术效应相比其降低污染排放的作用较弱；规模效应始终为正，且在环境污染总效应中所占份额较大，说明工业经济规模的增长是污染排放增加的主要原因，宁蒙沿黄地带在实现工业规模扩张的同时，应该以节能减排为目标进一步调整优化工业结构。 （5）对宁蒙沿黄地带2001-2011年各地区工业分行业产值与污染物排放量进行灰色关联分析，发现对该地区工业污染排放量贡献度较高的工业行业主要包括：煤炭开采和洗选业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力热力的生产和供应业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、造纸及纸制品业、非金属矿物制品业、化学原料及化学制品制造业等。 （6）宁蒙沿黄地带工业发展产生了比较明显的水环境外部性。宁夏部分工业发展对水体的污染严重，对下游地区产生了很大的负外部性，自其以下的地区对水体的污染较少，对下游地区的外部性也较弱。从各地区工业发展特征来看，自上游到下游，单位工业总产值污水排放量表现出一定的下降趋势，上游的中卫、吴忠地区显著高于其他地区，也明显高于黄河流域其他主要城市，因为两地工业结构中废水排放强度较大的工业占较大的比重；乌海、巴彦淖尔的单位工业总产值污水排放量也很高，而下游地区的鄂尔多斯、呼和浩特单位工业总产值污水排放量相对较低。 （7）通过利用产业-环境双向耦合优化模型，发现在低技术进步情景下煤炭工业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力工业、黑色金属矿采选业等传统优势产业呈负增长或低速增长，不能满足未来实现区域产业发展和污染控制双重最优目标的需要；但在高技术进步情景下，这些产业年均增长率得到了大幅度提升，说明技术进步对于传统优势产业的可持续发展以及区域经济环境双重最优目标的实现起到了重要的推动作用。 （8）提出宁蒙沿黄地带产业结构与环境协调发展模式，即兼顾经济效益与生态效益，改造提升传统优势产业；构建循环经济产业链，实现区域产业体系的绿色化；明确区域产业分工协作体系，培育生态化产业集群；广泛开源与全面节约并重，促进区域节能减排目标的实现。 |
| 英文摘要 | One of the important studies on the man-earth relationship system of China is to increase the extent of progress on environment change affected by human activities and the adaptability for human beings in different dimensions and regions. This paper’s study area is located along the Yellow River of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia (AYRNIM) in the upstream of the Yellow River. It is the region featuring fragile eco-environment within semiarid climatic region and one of the areas with most serious soil erosion in China, and meanwhile, the important industrial base of energy and raw materials across China’s the central and west regions. For a long time, the industrial structure dominated by resource-oriented industries with high pollution, high energy consumption and high emission characteristics, which has caused increasing deterioration of local environment. Not only sustainable development of local economic, but also the ecological balance of Yellow River and ecological safety of downstream areas is in great threat. With the purpose of improving man-earth relationship and promoting regional sustainable development, this paper dedicates to analyze the interactions between economic development and environment in AYRNIM from the perspective of industrial structure. Main results of this dissertation go as follows: (1) Theoretical explorations on interactive mechanism on evolution of industrial structure and environmental changes implies that, evolution of industrial structure would influence regional environment mainly through input structure effect, production structure effect and spatial structure effect. (2) After analyzing the history of industrialization and evolving characteristics of industrial structure in AYRNIM, we found a significant region-specific industrialization route. Heavy industries had continuously and rapidly increased in terms of scale and dominance, and the industrial structure trended to be monotonous since 1990. The sectors closely relate to mining and washing of coal had been the most important driving force of regional industrial development. (3) Indicator with respect to industrial characteristic bias (ICB) was employed to analyze the pollution characteristic of industrial structure and its evolvement from 1990 to 2010. It turns out that, the industrial structure presents the significant bias of more waste water discharge and solid waste discharge for most areas in AYRNIM, and a little bit bias of more SO2 emission and dust discharge for some areas. (4) We divided the effects with respect to pollution in AYRNIM during 2001-2011 by employing logarithm average Divisia index. We found that, structure effect had reduced pollution to a certain degree, which was weaker compared to technical effect. Scale effect had been keeping positive, and been a relative large proportion. The analysis implied the growing size of industrial economy was the main reason for increment of pollution. So, in order to enlarge the scale of industrial economy in AYRNIM, it is necessary to adjust industrial structure, and to reach energy saving and emission reduction. (5) Grey relational analysis method was adopted to estimate the correlation of each sector’s output to pollution for each region in AYRNIM from 2001 to 2011. It indicated that the pollution was mainly attributed to below sectors: mining and washing of coal, smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals, production and supply of electric power and heat power, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, manufacture of paper and paper products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, and manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products. (6) Industrial development had obvious negative externalities on environment in AYRNIM. The high waste water discharge industries, such as manufacture of paper and paper products, manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products, accounted for relative big proportion in Zhongwei and Wuzhong where located in upstream of AYRN |
| 中文关键词 | 宁蒙沿黄地带 ; 产业结构 ; 环境效应 ; 优化模式 |
| 英文关键词 | the Areas along the Yellow River of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Industrial Structure Environment Effect Optimization Model |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287364 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王菲. 宁蒙沿黄地带产业结构演变与环境变化互动机理研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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