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| 西藏农区畜牧业生产效率研究——以“一江两河”地区为例 | |
| 其他题名 | The Productive Efficiency Study of Animal Husbandry in Tibetan Agricultural Farming Areas——A Case in One-River-Two-Tributaries Region |
| 秦基伟 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 余成群 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 西藏是我国五大牧区之一，自古以来畜牧业就是其社会经济发展的支柱产业，畜牧业是农牧民收入的重要来源。随着全球气候变化、牲畜数量的增长、草原过度开发等种种原因，西藏的天然草场退化、沙化、荒漠化的现象日益加重。随着国家生态安全屏障战略的实施，西藏尤其是藏北高寒草原成为重要的生态功能区，其生产功能受到抑制，因此西藏畜牧业的发展压力向气候条件更为优越的藏中南农区转移。大力发展农区畜牧业成为促进农牧民增收、高原生态环境保护的有效途径。 近年来，农区畜牧业的发展取得了显著进步，但是生产过程中仍存在出栏率低、个体生产能力弱等生产效率低下的问题依然存在，限制了农区畜牧业的发展质量与速度。为实现农区畜牧业的效益型增长，首先必须了解农区畜牧业生产效率的历史与现状，对“一江两河”农区畜牧业发展过程中的各种因素进行分析，以探寻未来农区畜牧业发展的主要突破路径。 本文以西藏“一江两河”地区为研究区域，在分析“一江两河”农区畜牧业生产历史与现状的前提下，以统计数据与农户调查数据为基础，利用数据包络分析（DEA）及Malmquist指数法对“一江两河”农区畜牧业的生产效率进行研究分析，阐明“一江两河”农区畜牧业发展的促进因素与阻碍因素，估算其生产潜力。 研究表明，“一江两河”农区畜牧业的全要素生产率（TFP）是增长的，技术进步是其增长的主要驱动力，而技术效率的损失很大，不利于农区畜牧业的发展。在静态效率上，“一江两河”农区畜牧业的生产效率还较低，有巨大的生产潜力有待挖掘；农户层面上技术水平偏低、技术掌握的参差不齐是造成生产效率低的主要原因。因此，在“一江两河”地区，农区畜牧业的发展必须与种植业的相互结合、相互促进，拓展畜牧业发展空间。此外，加强农牧合作组织的建立与推广是解放农村劳动力增加农牧民收入的主要途径，加强畜牧技术的开发与利用、加强农牧民自身文化素质建设是“一江两河”农区畜牧业发展的必要条件。 本研究对于农区畜牧业的发展、对西藏农牧民收入的增加、对西藏实现全面建成小康社会的战略目标都有重大的意义。 |
| 英文摘要 | Tibet is one of the five most important pasturing areas in our country. Animal husbandry was the pillar industry in the social economy from time immemorial. Graziery is the significance source of agro-pastoralist income. But Tibetan native pasture’s deterioration, desertification became worse with the global climate change, increasing number of livestock and overdevelopment of grassland. Tibet, especially high-cold steppe in North Tibet, turned into vital ecological function district. And the production function was suppressed. So the pressure of development in Tibetan stock farming shifted to rural section in South Central Tibet where the climatic conditions were better. Progressing animal husbandry in agriculture regions hardly will be effective approach to increase agro-pastoralist income and protect plateau ecological environment. Recent year, animal husbandry in agricultural regions achieved positive result. But the low productive efficiency represented by the low sell rate and low individual production capacity still existed. All these problems limited the quality and rate of the animal husbandry in agricultural areas. In order to progress the animal husbandry effectively, we need state the history and present status of animal husbandry in agriculture regions. And then we should make all the elements that related to husbandry clear to discover point of penetration. This article will make “One-River-Two-Tributaries region” as the study area, using statistical data and survey data in peasant household, taking advantage of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index method to analyze the productive efficiency of animal husbandry in agricultural regions. Then we will explain the stimulative and barriers of animal husbandry in agriculture regions, and calculate the potential productivity. The result of this research shows that the total factor productivity (TFP) in “One-River-Two-Tributaries region” was increasing. The power of TFP increase is technological progress. And the technical efficiency’s regress was against the development of husbandry. The static efficiency shew that the productive efficiency in “One-River-Two-Tributaries region” was low. There was huge potential in husbandry. Farmers’ productive efficiency was also low because of the low level of technological and the unevenness of the worse grasp of technology. Therefor, the development of animal husbandry in “One-River-Two-Tributaries region” has to realize the combination and mutual promotion of planting and husbandry industry. Besides, we can establish and generalize the farming cooperation organization. And the government should intensify the exploitation and utilization of husbandry productive technology, as well as strengthen the farmers’ quality. All of those will be the requirements of animal husbandry in “One-River-Two-Tributaries region”. This research plays a crucial role in advancing husbandry, increasing farmers’ income, and achieving the aim of building moderately prosperous society. |
| 中文关键词 | “一江两河”地区 ; 农区畜牧业 ; 生产效率 ; 数据包络分析 |
| 英文关键词 | Three rivers region animal husbandry in agriculture regions productive efficiency DEA |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287358 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 秦基伟. 西藏农区畜牧业生产效率研究——以“一江两河”地区为例[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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