Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 快步麻蜥系统分类与分布格局研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Phylogenetic Systematics and Distribution Pattern of Rapid Racerunner (Eremias velox) |
| 刘金龙 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 郭宪光 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 快步麻蜥（Eremias velox）为典型的中亚荒漠蜥蜴，隶属于爬行纲Reptilia有鳞目Squamata 蜥蜴亚目Lacertilia 蜥蜴科Lacertidae 麻蜥属Eremias，由Pallas (1771)订立。快步麻蜥分布广泛，地理种群变异大，分类复杂。传统上，形态学研究将快步麻蜥分为4个亚种，即指名亚种（E. v. velox）、高加索亚种（E. v. caucasia）、东方亚种（E. v. roborowskii）和波氏亚种（E. v. borkini）。但是历史上对快步麻蜥形态学分类还尚存诸多争议，一些形态学研究更指出在其广泛的分布范围内可能还存着较多的隐存种或亚种。目前，通过分子系统发育研究，其结果与形态学分类部分一致，但也发现一些独特分化现象，例如伊朗的快步麻蜥种群。总体来说，对快步麻蜥分类和进化关系的研究有许多争议和不明之处。本文拟通过更广泛的采样以及更严密的分析方法，采用线粒体cyt b和12S rRNA基因为分子片段标记研究快步麻蜥的分类和系统发育关系，综合系统发育、形态特征和地理分布等，探讨其种（亚种）分化和有效性。主要的研究内容及结论如下： （1）重建的系统发育树分出了7个均得到显著统计学支持独立进化支系，且与不同地理分布的种群相对应。部分支系与传统的形态界定的亚种相对应。伊朗种群处于树的基部的位置，暗示快步麻蜥可能起源于伊朗并由伊朗扩散进入中亚。 （2）东方亚种的有效性。通过重建系统发育树，东方亚种种群形成一支得到强有力统计支持的单系，且与其他所有非伊朗种群形成姐妹类群，暗示其可能是最先从中亚种群中分化出来的一支。鉴于其与指名亚种在形态和遗传上的明显分化以及统计学上的强力支持，东方亚种的有效性得到确认。明确了中国境内的快步麻蜥分为两个亚种，即东方亚种和指名亚种, 地理分布上二者以天山山脉为界。 （3）乌兹别克斯坦里海南部种群的在系统发育树上形成一支得到强有力统计支持的单系，且与指名亚种一支形成姐妹类群。它与指名亚种具有明显遗传和形态分化，我们建议将其提升为新的亚种。 （4）伊朗种群形成3个独立进化且得到强力统计学支持的支系，代表了3个在形态、地理分布以及遗传上均存在显著差异的支系。基于普遍世系的物种概念（general lineage concept of species），应该提升为3个独立的新种。 |
| 英文摘要 | Eremias velox (Reptilia: Squamata: Lacertilia: Lacertidae), which is denominated by Pallas (1771), belongs to typical desert lizards in Central Asia. Its distribution range covers a large territory. Geographic populations are differentiated greatly from each other in morphology. The taxonomy of E. velox is very complicated. Historically, based on well-distinguished morphological traits, four geographically distinct populations which were allocated subspecies status have been reported: E. v. velox, E. v. caucasia, E. v. roborowskii and E. v. borkini. But the taxonomy of E. velox based on morphological traits has a lot of controversy in history, some researches even suggested the presence of cryptic species/subspecies in its widespread territory. To date, published morphological and molecular systematic hypotheses of this complex are only partially congruent, and its taxonomic status and evolutionary history are still far from clear. With more dense sampling and rigorous analytical methods, we used the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA sequences to evaluate the taxonomy and reconstruct phylogenetical relationship of E. velox. The results and conclusions are as follows, (1) Examination of the phylogenetic analyses recovers seven distinct, biogeographically discrete, and well-supported clades, revealing genetically identifiable populations corresponding to some previously morphology-defined subspecies. Iranian clades at the basal position of the phylogenetic tree may imply that E. velox originated from the Iranian Plateau and invaded Central Asia. (2) The validity of E. v. roborowskii. The reconstructed phylogenetical tree showed that the populations of E. v. roborowskii formed a statistically well-supported monophyly. And this clade forms the sister taxon to the other populations excluding those from Iran. This relationship suggest this clade as first split from entire Central Asian populations. Given E. v. roborowskii’s great morphological and genetical differentiation from E. v. velox and strong statistical support, we confirmed the validity of E. v. roborowskii. Specifically, we corroborate that there are two subspecies occurring in China, i.e., E. v. velox and E. v. roborowskii, with Tianshan Mountains as geogoraphical barrier. (3) Our results demonstrate that the populations in southern Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan formed a statistically well-supported monophyly. This clade forms sister taxon to populations of E. v. velox and distinctly differentiates form E. v. velox in genetical and morphological characters. We recommend that the populations of rapid racerunner from southern Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan be assigned to a novel subspecies. (4) The Iranian populations were recovered here as three independently evolving lineages, representing three distinct, biogeographically discrete, well-supported clades. Each of the three independently evolving lineages from Iranian plateau should be recognized as three species new to science under the general lineage concept of species. |
| 中文关键词 | 快步麻蜥 ; 系统发育 ; 形态 ; 分类 ; 线粒体基因 ; 亚种 |
| 英文关键词 | Eremias velox phylogeny morphology taxonomy mitochondrial genes subspecies |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 动物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287345 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘金龙. 快步麻蜥系统分类与分布格局研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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