Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
黑河流域中上游土地利用变化和水文响应多情景分析 | |
其他题名 | Multiple-scenario Analyses of Land Use Change and Hydrological Responses in the Heihe River Basin |
张凌 | |
出版年 | 2014 |
学位类型 | 硕士 |
导师 | 南卓铜 |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
中文摘要 | 黑河流域是我国西北干旱区典型的内陆河流域,生态环境脆弱。如何采取科学有效的措施,遏制生态系统继续退化,促进黑河流域生态、社会与经济可持续发展是目前广泛关注和亟需解决的问题之一。土地利用与覆被变化(Land-Use and Land-Cover Change, LUCC)和水资源变化是影响生态系统结构和功能的两个重要因素,是流域管理和流域生态水文学研究的重要内容,对生态系统维持其服务功能起着重要的作用。因此,LUCC与水资源变化研究对流域生态环境的保护具有重要的意义,尤其在干旱的内陆河流域——黑河流域。 本研究以黑河流域中上游为研究区,首先根据研究区具体情况,结合文献资料,从决策者角度出发,分别构建两组情景方案(生态保护—经济发展情景方案与排放情景方案)共七种不同情景:历史趋势情景、生态保护情景、严格生态保护情景、经济发展情景、快速经济发展情景、A1B情景、B1情景。然后对土地利用变化模型Dyna-CLUE和水文模型SWAT进行校准和验证,确保模型模拟精度满足要求。其次利用Dyna-CLUE模型模拟和分析不同情景下黑河流域中上游未来土地利用变化的时空分布差异。最后耦合Dyna-CLUE模型和SWAT模型,分三种情况——仅考虑土地利用变化、仅考虑气候变化、综合考虑土地利用变化和气候变化,模拟和分析不同情景下水文响应差异,并探讨未来土地利用变化的水文响应、气候变化的水文响应及土地利用变化与气候变化的综合水文响应。通过对黑河流域中上游土地利用变化和水文响应多情景分析,以期为黑河流域土地利用与水资源规划管理提供科学的依据,促进黑河流域生态环境建设与经济社会可持续发展。 本研究主要结论: (1)Dyna-CLUE模型及SWAT模型校正和验证结果表明,模型在研究区的适宜性较好。 (2)生态保护—经济发展情景方案下土地利用变化多情景分析表明,空间上除严格生态保护和快速经济发展两种极端情景外,其它情景下空间分布差异不明显;中游地区耕地和建设用地在不同情景下转入面积均较大,且主要以牺牲生态用地(林地和草地)为代价;土地利用变化具有明显的区域性特征。时序上,不同区域(中上游,上游)不同情景下不同土地利用类型的变化方向及变化幅度具有不同的特征;除严格生态保护情景外,其余情景下生态用地均呈减少的趋势,因此要逆转生态环境恶化,需要更为严格的生态保护举措。合理开发未利用地可以减少经济发展给生态用地带来的压力。 (3)生态保护—经济发展情景方案下水文响应多情景分析表明,仅考虑土地利用变化,除严格生态保护情景和快速经济发展情景外,其余情景下上游土地利用变化水文响应差异较小,而中游所有情景下差异均较大;土地利用变化的水文响应具有时间差异性,在降水比较集中的时间段水文响应更明显;土地利用变化的水文响应比较复杂,并非单一土地利用类型起主导作用,而是各种土地利用类型耦合作用的结果。综合考虑土地利用变化和气候变化,上游和中游地区不同情下水文响应差异很小,气候变化是不同情景下水文响应的主要影响因素,而土地利用是次要影响因素。 (4)排放情景方案下土地利用变化多情景分析表明,A1B及B1情景下黑河流域中上游及上游地区各地类面积变化幅度均不大,在空间分布上差异不明显,在时序上除未利用地外,其它地类变化幅度均较小。与高排放情景(A1B)相比,低排放情景(B1)下生态用地更多,未利用地更少。排放情景方案下水文响应多情景分析表明,仅考虑气候变化,上游和中游地区水文响应在不同情景下具有明显差异性。综合考虑气候变化和土地利用的变化,黑河流域上游出口河川径流在两排放情景下均小于不考虑土地利用变化的情况,而中游出口河川径流在A1B情景下大于不考虑土地利用变化的情况,在B1情景下要小于不考虑土地利用变化的情况,这表明土地利用变化可能加剧也可能削弱气候变化的水文响应。 (5)排放情景下,气候变化是黑河流域未来水资源变化的主导因素,而土地利用变化是次要影响因素。未来对黑河流域水资源规划管理,应当特别关注气候变化的水文响应,从而减少气候变化给水资源开发利用带来的不利影响,促进黑河流域水资源高效利用与可持续发展。 |
英文摘要 | Heihe River Basin (HRB), as a typical inland river basin in the northwest of China, has a fragile ecosystem. Therefore, how to take an effective measure to combat the continuing degradation of the ecosystem so as to promote sustainable ecological, social and economic developments in HRB is one of the key questions with wide concerns and it needs to be solved urgently. Land-Use and Land-cover Change (LUCC) and water resource change are two important factors which impact the structures and functions of the ecosystem. Both are important components of watershed management and eco-hydrology, playing a significant role in maintaining sustainable ecosystem services. Therefore, studies on both changes are especially important to the arid, inland river basin, taking HRB as a case study area, for its ecological environment protection. This study focuses on the upper and middle reaches of HRB. Firstly, based on the concrete conditions of study area and literature review, we constructed two groups of scenarios from the perspective of policy-makers, including a group of ecological protection & economic development scenarios and a group of emission scenarios, with a total of seven different scenarios, namely, historical trend scenario, ecological protection scenario, strict ecological protection scenario, economic development scenario, rapid economic development scenario, A1B scenario and B1 scenario respectively. Secondly, we calibrated and validated a LUCC model, Dyna-CLUE, and a hydrological model, SWAT, to ensure the simulation accuracy of the models. Then, we simulated and analyzed future land use changes in HRB under different scenarios by using Dyna-CLUE model. Finally, by coupling Dyna-CLUE and SWAT, we simulated and analyzed the variations of hydrological responses under different scenarios with three different experiments, i.e., considering land use change only, considering climate change only, and considering both land use and climate change. Hydrological responses from each experiment were discussed in details. Through the multi-scenario analyses of land use changes and hydrological responses, hopefully the results can provide a scientific basis for planning and management of land and water resources, so as to promote ecological environment protection and sustainable social-economic development in HRB. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) The calibration and validation of Dyna-CLUE and SWAT confirm that both models are suitable for the research purpose in the study area. (2) Multi-scenario analyses of land use changes under the scenario group of ecological protection & economic development show that except the two extreme scenarios, namely strict ecological protection scenario and rapid economic development scenario, spatial distribution of land use with other scenarios are not significantly different. The area of farmland and construction land converted from other lands in the middle reach of the basin is large under all the scenarios, mainly at the expense of ecological land, forest and grassland. Temporally, different land use types in different areas present different characteristics in terms of conversion direction and magnitude under different scenarios. Ecological land shows a decreasing trend under all the scenarios except the strict ecological protection scenario, implying that more rigid measures are needed for preventing ecosystem deterioration. The rational development of unused land can reduce the pressure brought to ecological land by economic development. (3) Multi-scenario analyses of hydrological responses under the scenario group of ecological protection & economic development show some interesting results. When only considering land use change, the differences of hydrological responses under other scenarios are not significant in the upper HRB except the two extreme scenarios (i.e., strict ecological protection scenario and rapid economic development scenario), while they become ob |
中文关键词 | 黑河流域 ; 土地利用变化 ; 水文响应 ; 气候变化 ; 情景分析 |
英文关键词 | Heihe River Basin Land use change Hydrological responses Climate change Scenario analysis |
语种 | 中文 |
国家 | 中国 |
来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
资源类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287338 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张凌. 黑河流域中上游土地利用变化和水文响应多情景分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
个性服务 |
推荐该条目 |
保存到收藏夹 |
导出为Endnote文件 |
谷歌学术 |
谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
[张凌]的文章 |
百度学术 |
百度学术中相似的文章 |
[张凌]的文章 |
必应学术 |
必应学术中相似的文章 |
[张凌]的文章 |
相关权益政策 |
暂无数据 |
收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。