Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄河内蒙古河段水沙变化及洪水输沙效应研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Variation trend of water-sediment and sediment transport efficiency of floods in Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River |
| 汪宏芳 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 拓万全 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 黄河内蒙古河段处于黄河上游的最下段，上起宁夏石嘴山市，下迄头道拐，全长673km，该河段穿越乌兰布和沙漠与库布齐沙漠，属于典型的沙漠河流。近几十年来，黄河内蒙古河道淤积严重，河床抬高，形成类似于黄河下游的‘悬河’问题,并且有发展成“二级悬河”的趋势。黄河生命安全受到严重威胁。河床的行洪、行凌能力降低，洪灾、凌灾频繁发生，严重威胁人民生命财产安全，制约着经济的可持续发展。针对这些问题，研究黄河内蒙古河段历年水沙条件的变化特征以及洪水的冲刷效应是十分重要的。 本论文首先通过统计分析黄河上游内蒙古河段石嘴山、巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐四个主要水文站1952－2010年间径流量、输沙量以及洪水期间流量的变化特征，确定黄河内蒙古河段泥沙淤积以及水资源的变化情况，然后结合2012年黄河内蒙古河段三湖河口水文站天然洪水过程的实测数据，对该次洪水过程的水文要素特征，以及悬移质泥沙粒径分布、输移特性进行分析，以初步揭示洪水对黄河内蒙古河道淤积泥沙的冲刷效应。 通过以上研究，初步取得了以下结论： 1.黄河上游的径流量、含沙量存在丰枯相间的年际变化趋势，而在1990年以后，径流量和输沙量都呈现出减小的趋势。并且，年沙量的变化幅度远远大于年水量的变化幅度。 2.随着天然洪峰流量的减小和引水灌溉等人类活动的影响，大洪水出现的几率大大减小。较大洪峰流量基本消失，洪水多以小洪峰的形式出现。1990年以前大流量历时较长，输送泥沙主要依靠大流量，1990年以后大流量历时缩短，小流量历时增长，汛期占全年水量的百分数减少，大于2000m3/s的流量过程很少出现，输送泥沙只能依靠小流量。 3. 2012年汛期三湖河口水文站的洪水具有峰高量大、洪峰过程在河段内持续时间长，洪水起涨和消退缓慢，峰形矮胖的特点。汛期，随着流量的增大，水位与含沙量呈现波动增长的趋势。该河段输送悬移质泥沙的能力并不完全受制于流量的大小，在一定程度上也与宁蒙河段泥沙的侧向入汇有关。 4.2012年汛期三湖河口水文站的洪水过程在四个流量范围下，输送的泥沙主要为小于0.05mm的细颗粒泥沙，在2000m3/s左右的流量下就能输移通过；对于大于0.05mm的泥沙输送效果不好，该粒级的泥沙百分含量约为25%～40%；而对粒级>0.1mm粗颗粒泥沙的冲刷效果更差，该粒级的泥沙仅占到5%～15%。由于内蒙古河段河道淤积的泥沙主要为粒径大于0.1mm的风成沙，而且大流量洪水容易导致河岸坍塌入黄。另外，由于气候变化降水减少与河套灌区引水灌溉等人类活动，致使黄河上游没有剩余的水资源可用来蓄洪。因此，仿照黄河下游，利用人造洪峰对内蒙古河道淤积泥沙进行冲刷效应的可行性不好，也不切实际。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Yellow River flows through an extensive, aeolian Inner Mongolian plateau and extends from Shizuishan, Ningxia Province to Toudaoguai, Inner Mongolia Province with a total length of 673 km. This valley lies in the end of the upper reach of the Yellow River and is known locally as the Inner Mongolian Reach of the Yellow River, bordered by the Ulan Buh desert and KOBQ desert, belong to a typical desert river. In recent decades, the bed elevation of the Inner Mongolian Reach has been rising and the river channel has been shrinking. The problem of “Hang River” as the lower river of the Yellow River is beginning to appear in this reach and take on the trend of forming the “Secondary Hang River”, the life of the Yellow River is under threat. Outburst flood disasters frequently occur in this region, which have claimed thousands of human lives and resulted in tremendous losses of property, and to a large extent, restrict the sustainable development of economy and society. On the basis of the above analysis, this thesis suggest that annual variation characteristics of water and sediment conditions and the scouring effect of the flood of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia reach is very important. In this paper, in order to identify changes of sediment siltation and the water resources in Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, first, the statistical analysis of the variations of discharge, sediment transport rate, concentration and water discharge during the period of flood in the reservoirs in the upstream basin of the Yellow River in 1952—2010. Besides, based on the hydrological data of water discharge, suspended sediment concentration and water level from Sanhuhekou hydrological station of the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River from July to October, 2012, the scouring effect of flood on the channel deposits has been studied. And the relationship between water discharge and vertical variation characteristic of the suspended sediment concentration and grain-size during the period of August to October, 2012, has been analyzed in detail. Based on the above researches, some preliminary conclusions were obtained as follows: 1.Variations of discharge sediment transport rate and concentration in river channel of Inner Mongolian Reach are change between rich and poor. Since 1990, sediment transport and water discharge shows the trend of decrease. And, the annual variation of the sediment transport is greater than the water discharge. 2. With the decrease of the natural flood peak and so on, the chances of large water discharge of the flood is greatly reduced. During the flood, large flood volume basic disappear, small flood volume become more and more. 1990 years ago, large flood volume in a large time, Sediment transport relies mainly on the large flood volume. After 1990, the large flood volume decreases in the flood season. The flood water discharge above 2000 m3/s rarely appears, Sediment transport relies mainly on the small flood volume. 3.High peak and large flood volume, sharp rising and declining, long flood process duration and the fat of peak shape are the characters of this flood. The flood season, along with the increasing of water discharge, water level and the sediment content showed a trend of fluctuations in growth. The ability of sediment transport is not completely under the control of the water discharge, which also associated with the lateral inflow of sediment. 4.The vertical variation character of grain-size during flood process indicates that sediment particle size smaller than 0.05 mm can be transported under the flood water discharge below 2000 m3/s, and when the water discharge is at 2000～2400 m3/s, the largest sediment transport can occur in the river channel. But the flood has poorly scouring effect on the coarse sediment (grain-size larger than >0.05mm). The key processes of the sediment entering into the Inner Mongolian reach mainly involved aeolian sand into the Yellow River directly, Aeolian sand |
| 中文关键词 | 黄河内蒙古河段 ; 流量 ; 含沙量 ; 粒度 ; 洪水 |
| 英文关键词 | Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River water discharge suspended sediment concentration grain size flood |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287334 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 汪宏芳. 黄河内蒙古河段水沙变化及洪水输沙效应研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [汪宏芳]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [汪宏芳]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [汪宏芳]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
