Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 开都河流域水氢氧同位素变化特征分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis the variability of water isotopes(18O and 2H) in the Kaidu River Basin, Northwest China |
| 王云 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 陈亚宁 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 开都河流域作为塔里木河流域四大源流之一，承担着向塔里木河下游生态输水的重大任务，随着塔里木河流域近期综合治理的深入进行，开都河流域水循环过程研究已成为国内外科学家关注的热点问题。本文通过分析开都河流域水氢氧稳定同位素变化特征，结合大气降水稳定同位素组成，分析了研究区大气降水稳定同位素组成特征和二次蒸发效应，通过分析地表水和地下水稳定同位素时空分布特征，利用同位素技术定量刻画了径流组分，最后通过分析博斯腾湖湖水稳定同位素特征，估算了博斯腾湖的湖泊蒸发量，揭示了干旱内陆河流域的水循环过程。主要的研究结果体现在以下几个方面：\n（1）建立了局地大气降水线方程（LMWL）δ2H=6.977δ18O+0.434，降水的季节效应表现为夏高冬低；降水的温度效应明显而在全年尺度上降水量效应不存在；氘盈余的变化幅度很大，变化范围为-44.5‰~54.84‰，平均值为13.14‰，表明降水过程中受到了强烈的蒸发作用。分析了降水稳定同位素的二次蒸发效应，得出，0~5mm降水对大气降水线的斜率和截距影响较大，由于受到二次蒸发效应的影响，雨滴在降落过程中产生了强烈的同位素动力分馏效应。\n（2）河水稳定同位素特征表现出了一定的温度效应和高程效应，温度每升高1℃，将会引起δ18O增加约为0.106‰；海拔每降低100m，将会引起δ18O值增加约为0.173‰。大部分河水氘盈余d＞15‰，体现了冰雪融水的补给特征。其支流黄水沟也体现了冰雪融水补给的特征。\n（3）建立了地表水线方程：δ2H=5.50δ18O-11.84和地下水线方程：δ2H=3.63δ18O-31.14，地表水线和地下水线方程斜率均小于局地大气降水线方程斜率，体现了干旱区降水受强烈蒸发的影响，降水在补给河水前经历了一定的蒸发作用。\n（4）河水和地下水δ18O值空间分布整体均呈现沿程增加的趋势，表明受到蒸发作用的影响，引起同位素18O富集，季节变化上表现为夏高冬低的特征。在下游地区，分析河水和地下水之间的转化关系，可以看出地下水是河水的主要排泄量。\n（5）在开都河出山口以上，进一步精细刻画源流山区河水径流组分关系，结果表明开都河是一条由地下水、冰雪融水和降水混合补给的河流，由于气候变化对河流径流量会产生一定的影响，在水资源关系方面，需要重视由于气候变化导致的融雪性洪水及对农业经济的影响。\n（6）博斯腾湖湖水δ18O值空间分布上表现为由西向东逐渐增大，由北向南逐渐减小的趋势。主要是由于博斯腾湖入湖处在西北方向，受到河水补给的影响和蒸发作用的影响的结果。稳定同位素季节变化上表现为夏季湖水的同位素值较高，而冬季的同位素值相对较低，跟河水稳定同位素季节变化一致，表明河水是湖水的主要补给源。\n（7）得到了湖水水线方程为：δ2H=5.21δ18O-12.76，基于水量平衡方程和稳定同位素质量平衡模型，结合相关的气象数据，计算出2011年7月输入博斯腾湖湖水水量大约32%消耗于蒸发。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Kaidu River is one of the four major origins of the Tarim River, it plays a crucial role in the Ecological Water Transfer Project in the lower reaches of Tarim River Basin. Therefore, the hydrological processes research in this region has become hot issue in the world. In order to understand present hydrological process, we first established a relationship between δ18O and δ2H, and analyzed the effect of sub-cloud evaporation in precipitation, then compared with the stable isotopes of surface water and groundwater; based on the temporal and spatial variability of surface water and groundwater, the model of isotope was used to separate the runoff of Kaidu river; an isotopic investigation for lake water was carried out to reveal the evaporation amounts of Bosten Lake. Thus, we will be able to reveal the water cycle in Inland River in arid regions. Some main results of our study are as follows:\n(1) Presented the relationship plot of δ2H-δ18O for precipitation (LMWL), the regression equation was as follow: δ2H=6.977δ18O+0.434. The isotopes of the precipitation were affected mainly by the temperature, and there didn’t have the effect of precipitation in the annual scale; d-excess varied from -44.5 ‰~-54.84 ‰ with an average of 13.14 ‰, indicated that the precipitation was affected by the evaporation before it falls. Based on the analysis of the sub-cloud evaporation effect in precipitation, we found that the precipitation mainly effected by the small precipitation amount, and the isotope fraction was the dynamic fraction effects.\n(2) The stable isotope composition of river water has a relationship with temperature and altitude, the δ18O will enriched about 0.106 ‰ as the temperature increased 1℃; and theδ18O will depleted about 0.173 ‰ as the altitude increased 100m. Most of the d-excess was bigger than 15 ‰, which reflect the characteristics of the ice and snow melt water supplies. It also exists in its tributaries Huangshuigou River.\n(3) Presented the relationship plot of δ2H-δ18O for surface water(SWL) and groundwater (GWL), the regression equations were as follow: SWL, δ2H=5.50δ18O-11.84; GWL, δ2H=3.63δ18O-31.14. The slopes were both smaller than the LMWL, which means the precipitation experienced extensive evaporation before recharge to river.\n(4) The spatial variability of δ18O in surface water and groundwater trend to be increased along the Kaidu River, because the isotope enriched by the evaporation; The seasonal variability of δ18O performed higher in winter and lower in summer. Then, analyze the relationship between river water and groundwater, it concluded that groundwater is the mainly discharge of river.\n(5) We quantitatively determine the ratio of ice-melt water using isotope hydrograph separation as well as other conservative tracers. Results show that Kaidu River is recharged by groundwater, ice-melt water and precipitation. The extent of glacier input to a water system governs its sensitivity towards climate change. The method has overwhelming potential for un-gauged watersheds and may offer ways of adaptation to climate change in terms of water resources management for flood control and sustainable agriculture.\n(6) The analysis results show that the δ18O values of lake water enriched in the Southeast, for the influence of river recharge and evaporation. The seasonal variability of stable isotopes appears enriched in summer and depleted in winter, similar with the change of river water, which means river is the main recharge of Bosten Lake.\n(7) Presented the relationship plot of δ2H-δ18O for lake water (LEL), the regression equation was as follow: δ2H=5.21δ18O-12.76. The water balance (E/I) of Bosten Lake in July was estimated using an isotope mass balance model. The result shows approximately 32% of the water flowing into Bosten Lake disappeared due to evaporation. |
| 中文关键词 | 氢氧稳定同位素 ; 地表水和地下水 ; 径流分割 ; 湖水蒸发量 ; 开都河流域 |
| 英文关键词 | Stable isotopes of 2H and 18O Surface water and groundwater |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287308 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王云. 开都河流域水氢氧同位素变化特征分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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