Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 不同间距的高立式尼龙网沙障防沙试验研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Sand controlling experimental study of nylon-net sand barriers with different spacing |
| 康向光 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 雷加强 ; 李生宇 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 高立式沙障是极端干旱沙区重要的防沙措施，也是半干旱、半湿润沙区普遍采用的固沙造林的辅助措施。尼龙网作为一种新型的防沙材料，具有抗老化和防风沙能力强、可工业化生产、便于施工等优点，因此高立式尼龙网沙障在治沙工程中应用较广。高立式尼龙网沙障作为阻沙措施使用时，大多数采用单道进行防沙。但在一些风沙危害较严重的地区，需要多道沙障组合配置进行防沙，但目前关于沙障合理间距的研究较少。本文以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的塔中地区为研究区，布设了四种间距（2H、5H、10H和15H，H为沙障高度）的高立式尼龙网沙障对比试验，对沙障前后近地表风流场和地表积沙断面形态、积沙量以及沙障沙埋情况进行了动态观测和数据系统分析，主要结论如下： （1）四种间距的高立式尼龙网沙障对近地表风速都有一定的削弱作用。在沙障布设初期，2H间距阻沙量最大，对风速的削弱作用最强，5H间距次之，10H间距再次之，15H间距的高立式沙障对风速的消减作用最弱；在实验中期，随着沙障的沙埋程度加大，高立式沙障对风速的消减作用降低，此时高立式沙障的积沙形态对风速的影响明显，在地形抬升区风速增大，地形降低区风速降低，且有涡旋的产生。四种间距的高立式沙障的积沙形态随着时间不断发生变化，导致它们对风速的影响也在不断变化。 （2）四种间距的高立式尼龙网沙障的积沙断面形态有所不同，2H与5H间距的积沙断面形态呈单峰状，峰顶大约位于第一道沙障后的1H处，10H与15H间距的沙障积沙断面形态呈双峰状，10H间距沙障正中间风蚀状况最严重，双峰呈现对称性，处于两道沙障之间，15H间距风蚀最严重区域位于第二道沙障之前，双峰分别位于两道沙障之后。 （3）四种间距沙障积沙量的对比关系随时间而变化。在沙障设置初期，2H与5H间距的沙障积沙量最多，15H间距的次之，10H间距的最少。在风季中期，2H间距的沙障沙埋严重，积沙断面形态大体固定，此时5H与10H间距的积沙量最大，2H间距的次之，15倍间距的最小。在风季中后期，10H间距的沙障积沙量最大，15H间距的次之，2H间距与5H间距的最小。在风季后期，由于高立式沙障沙埋严重，风蚀有所降低，10H间距与15H间距的积沙量极大增加，2H间距与5H间距增加缓慢，甚至5H间距积沙量还有所降低，10H间距积沙量最大，15倍间距积沙量次之，5倍间距与2倍间距的积沙量最小。 （4）四种间距沙障的沙埋情况不同，2H间距与5H间距的沙埋最严重，几乎全埋，10H间距次之，15H间距最轻。 |
| 英文摘要 | High vertical barrier is extremely dry sandy sediment control measures, is also adopted widely in semi-arid and semi-humid sandy sand-fixation afforestation auxiliary measures. Nylon net as a new type of sand material, not only cost relatively cheap, and it has anti-aging, wind resistance and can be industrialized production, facilitating construction etc, so the high vertical barrier of nylon net enjoys wide application in sand engineering. Nylon mesh high vertical barrier as resistance measures when using sand, most use single channel nylon net resistance sand fence to protection. In some areas with severe hazards of sand storms, need a multi-channel sandy combination configuration to prevent. Based on the hinterland of the taklimakan desert in Tazhong area as the study area, provide four spacing (2 H, 5 H, 10 H and 15 H, H is barrier height) of the nylon mesh high vertical barrier test to contrast, right the near-surface flow field of before and after the sand barrier , the cross-section shape of surface sand, the amount of sand and the sand burial of sand barrier dynamic observation and systems analysis the data, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Four spacing of the nylon mesh high vertical barrier has certain extinction effect on wind speed. Laid early in sand barrier, 2H spacing maximum amount of sand barrier, and weaken the role of the wind speed strongest, the 5H spacing of sand barrier less and 10H spacing of sand barrier again, 15H spacing of the high vertical barrier to wind cut function is not obvious. In the middle of the test, with sand barrier sand buried more and more serious, high vertical barrier to wind cut function is less and less obvious. The deposited sand form of the high vertical barrier began to increase influence on wind speed, wind speed increases after terrain uplifting zone, reduce speed when wind pass lower terrain area and vortex is generated. As time changes, four spacing of the high vertical barrier deposited sand forms are constantly changing, which leads to their influence on wind speed also in constant change. (2) The sand deposition section morphology of four spacing of Nylon mesh high vertical barrier is different, 2H spacing and 5H spacing of the accumulating sand in the high vertical barrier are unimodal cross-section, peak is located in the first line of nylon net high vertical barrier about after 1 H, 10H spacing and 15H spacing of the deposited sand in the high vertical barrier are bimodal cross-section, 10H spacing of the nylon net high vertical barrier middle wind erosion situation is most serious, twin peaks appear symmetry, between two high vertical barrier nylon net, 15H spacing of the nylon net high vertical barrier wind erosion condition of the most serious area is located in the second nylon net high vertical barrier before, twin peaks located in two nylon nets high vertical barrier after respectively. (3) The sediment deposition contrast relationship of four spacing of sandy evolve over time. At the beginning of the barrier is set, 2H spacing and 5H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition most, 15H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition less, 10H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition at least. In the middle of the wind season, 2H spacing of the sand barrier sand buried serious, many sands section in fixed form, now 5H spacing and 10H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition is high, 2H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition less, 15H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition at least. The later in middle of the wind season 10H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition is the largest，15H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition less, 2H spacing and 5H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition at least. Later in the wind season, due to the high vertical barrier sand buried, wind erosion has decreased, the 10H spacing and 15H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition in this period of time is greatly increased, and 2H spacing and 5H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition increased slowly, or even 5H spacing of the sand barrier sediment deposition decreases. The final sediment deposition is shown as: 10H spacing sediment deposition is the largest, 15H spacing sediment deposition less, 5H spacing and 2H spacing sediment deposition in the least. (4) The sand buried of four spacing of sand barrier is different, 2H spacing and 5H spacing of sand buried are the most serious, almost completely buried, 10H less, 15H the lightest. |
| 中文关键词 | 高立式沙障 ; 不同间距 ; 积沙量 ; 风速变化 ; 积沙形态 |
| 英文关键词 | high vertical barrier different spacing sediment deposition wind speed changes landform of sand deposition |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287303 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 康向光. 不同间距的高立式尼龙网沙障防沙试验研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [康向光]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [康向光]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [康向光]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
