Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 塔里木盆地西南缘典型灌区土壤盐渍化特征分析—以塔吉克阿巴提镇为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis on Characteristics of Soil Salinization in the Southwestern Tarim Basin: A Case Study in the Irrigation Area of the Tajik Abat Town |
| 宋鹏 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 乔木 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文选择塔吉克阿巴提镇为研究区，运用“3S”技术以及统计学相关理论和方法分析塔吉克阿巴提镇灌区土壤盐渍化离子特征、空间分布特征、时空演变规律、灌区低洼农田的水盐运移规律，根据其土壤盐渍化特征，将塔吉克阿巴提镇划分为六个土壤盐渍化治理区，针对不同治理区的盐渍化特征提出针对性的改良治理对策，为塔吉克阿巴提镇盐渍化土地的科学管理、改良以及利用提供一定的理论依据和技术参考。主要结论如下： \n1. 塔吉克阿巴提镇是在一片荒漠中开垦出来的，该研究区农田外围未开垦荒地0-30cm土层以氯化物为主，Cl-/SO2- 4比值远高于农田，说明荒地开垦前主要受自然条件影响，即降水和蒸发，由于蒸发远大于降水，盐分向地表持续积聚，但Cl-比SO2- 4活跃，积聚较快，0-30cm土层中Cl-含量高于SO2- 4，如果不受人类活动影响，未开垦荒地将在气候干旱、蒸发强列的环境下持续向地表积盐；农田是在原始荒地上开垦出来的，荒地开垦成农田后，土壤中的盐分受人类灌排系统影响被淋洗、迁移，Cl-淋洗、迁移速度比SO2- 4快，0-30cm土层中残留的SO2- 4含量高于Cl-含量。\n2. 研究区0-30cm土层中以Cl-、SO2- 4、Ca2+、Na+四种盐离子为主，其中Cl-与K+、SO2- 4显著正相关，与Na+极显著正相关，相关系数为0.98；SO2- 4与K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+显著正相关；K+与Mg2+、Na+显著正相关；而HCO- 3与K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+、Cl-、SO2- 4都负相关。\n3. 研究区0-30cm土层盐离子中的Mg2+、K+、Na+和Cl-在0-30cm土层属强变异性，因为这四种离子较活跃，易受灌溉淋洗作用影响。表层(0-30cm)土壤中的阴离子以Cl-、SO2- 4为主， HCO- 3含量很少，受灌溉淋洗影响的阴离子主要是Cl-和SO2- 4。研究区0-30cm农田土壤中Cl-/SO2- 4比值与土壤总盐呈正相关关系，相关系数为0.68，两者之间存在二次多项式关系，未利用荒地0-30cm土壤中Cl-/SO2- 4比值与土壤总盐呈正相关关系，相关系数为0.32，两者之间存在幂指数关系；Cl-/SO2- 4比值是反映塔吉克阿巴提镇土壤脱盐程度的一个重要参考指标。\n4. 塔吉克阿巴提镇灌区农田土壤盐渍化空间分布主要受地形、灌排系统完善程度、耕种时间长短的影响。地势较高、灌排系统畅通、耕种时间较长的农田，土壤含盐量低，Cl-/SO2- 4比值较小；反之，土壤含盐量较高，Cl-/SO2- 4比值较大。\n5. 塔吉克阿巴提镇灌区盐渍化土地演变过程是一个Cl-/SO2- 4比值较高的盐渍化土地向Cl-/SO2- 4比值较低盐渍化土地转变并伴随土壤总盐逐渐降低的过程。\n6. 塔吉克阿巴提镇灌区低洼农田地下水埋深与地下水矿化度呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.79，具有二次多项式关系；地下水埋深与0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm土壤总盐呈正相关，相关系数依次为0.14、0.46、0.37，地下水埋深与0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm土壤总盐没有明显的拟合关系；地下水矿化度与0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm土壤总盐的相关系数分别为0.23、0.68、0.57；地下水矿化度与0-20cm土壤总盐之间不存在较明显的拟合关系，地下水矿化度与20-40cm、40-60cm土壤总盐存在较好二次多项式关系和三次多项式关系。\n7. 根据阿巴提镇土壤盐渍化的空间特征、地形地貌、地下水埋深，将阿巴提镇划分为六个改良区。针对每个改良区的特点提出了相应的改良治理对策。 |
| 英文摘要 | In the study area of the Tajik Abat Town, the content of salt ions, correlation of the salt ions, relationship between land use types and ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 in soil, relationship between soil total salt and ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 in soil, present situation of soil salinization of cultivated land in the irrigation area as well as spatial characteristics of soil salinization were analysed with the Excel2003 and Arcgis9.3 software, on the basis of field survey, GPS location and soil analysis. The main conclusions of this paper are following: 1. The Tajik Abat Town were opened up on a wasteland, the soil were dominated by chloride and the ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 in soil of cultivated land was lower than that in soil of wasteland; before the wasteland were almost affected by rainfall and evaporation before opened up, the salts accumulated to the surface layer of the soils under the environment of intense evaporation; after the wasteland were opened up, they were affected by the irrigation, the Cl- migrate more quickly than SO2- 4, there were more SO2- 4 than Cl- in the surface layer of cultivated land soils.\n2. Ions in the soil of the Tajik Abat Town were dominated by Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, SO2- 4, There was a strong, positive correlation (r=0.98) between Na+ content and Cl- content, but negative correlations between HCO- 3 content and the other six ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, SO2- 4).\n3. Ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 in soil of cultivated land was lower than that in soil of wasteland, the correlation between the ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4and soil total salt in 0-30cm soil layers of cultivated land and wasteland was positive, and the correlation coefficient was respective 0.68 and 0.32.The ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 in soil is an important reference index of the desalination situation.\n4. The spatial characteristics of soil salinization at Tajik Abat Town were mainly affected by terrain, irrigation and drainage system, the length of cultivation time. There were a lower ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 in the cultivated land soils with higher terrain, open up irrigation and drainage systems and a longer cultivation time than the cultivated land soils with low lying terrain, obstructed irrigation and drainage system and a shorter cultivation time.\n5. The evolution of soil salinization at Tajik Abat Town irrigation area was a transformation process of salinization land with higher ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4 to salinization land with lower ratio of Cl- to SO2- 4.\n6. There were a significantly positive correlation between groundwater table and groundwater mineralization, and correlation coefficient were 0.79; there were a positive correlation between groundwater table and soil total salt in 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm layer, and correlation coefficient were respectively 0.14, 0.46 and 0.37; there were a positive correlation between groundwater mineralization and soil total salt in 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm layer, and correlation coefficient were respectively 0.23, 0.68 and 0.57.\n7. On the basic of the spatial characteristics soil salinization, landform, groundwater table, the Tajik Abat Town were divided into six improvement area and the corresponding improvement countermeasures.for each improvement area were put forward. |
| 中文关键词 | 土壤盐渍化 ; 特征分析 ; 塔吉克阿巴提镇 ; 塔里木盆地西南缘 |
| 英文关键词 | soil salinization characteristic analysis Tajik Abat Town southwestern Tarim Basin |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287301 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 宋鹏. 塔里木盆地西南缘典型灌区土壤盐渍化特征分析—以塔吉克阿巴提镇为例[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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