Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 新疆荒漠肥尾心颅跳鼠(Salpingotus crassicauda)肠道共生微生物群落多样性和特征性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The Study of Intestinal Symbiotic Microbiota Diversity and characteristics of Desert Salpingotus crassicauda in Xinjiang |
| 张哲 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 刘斌 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 人和动物与自身的肠道微生物群有密切的关系，微生物是宿主维持体内稳态、吸收消化及调节营养平衡的必要条件。微生物在动物体内的数量远远多于动物体细胞数，与动物的免疫、营养及代谢系统息息相关，所以研究动物体内微生物有利于了解微生物与其宿主之间的共生关系，对动物的保护等有重要作用。 肥尾心颅跳鼠（Salpingotus crassicauda）是一种特殊的动物，肥育季节会在近尾基1/4端积累脂肪，进入冬眠期，这种动物对于研究冬眠是一个好的模型。宏基因组学技术中研究菌群多样性的重要的指标就是16S rRNA分子片段。 本文旨在通过构建16S rRNA文库、PCR-RFLP、DNA测序等技术手段，初步探索肥尾心颅跳鼠的肠道群落多样性，分别选取了该种跳鼠不同时期的粪便样品做比较，以了解这三个时期（冬眠前、中、后）跳鼠肠道菌群的变化。此外，选取了另两种跳鼠与其做比较，以了解不同种类之间肠道微生物的变化。在所研究的五种样本中总共发现了乳杆菌目（Lactobacillales）、梭菌目(Clostridiales)、梭杆菌目(Fusobacteriales)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、肠杆菌目(Enterobacteriales)、疣微菌目（Verrucomicrobiaceae）、支原体目(Mycoplasmataceae)、虫原体目(Entomoplasmatales)八个目的物种作为主要类群。其中乳杆菌目、梭菌目、拟杆菌目属于每种样本的定植菌群。在肥尾心颅跳鼠三个时间段的OTU分析中发现在2011年11月即冬眠前期，克隆比例最大的为乳杆菌目33.3%，随着时间的推移该目克隆比例逐渐降低。相反，梭菌目随着时间的推移比例不断增重：4.5%、22.4%、39.2%。而拟杆菌目在克隆库中的比例虽然不大，但是比例呈现高低高的趋势，Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771菌株对治疗高脂餐诱导的肥胖症有改善代谢和治疗免疫功能失调有作用。结论：1.五种样本共发现8个菌目，乳杆菌目、梭菌目、梭杆菌目、拟杆菌目、肠杆菌目、疣微菌目、支原体目、虫原体目；2.乳杆菌目、梭菌目、拟杆菌目也许参与调节跳鼠冬眠过程中的新陈代谢，前两者应该在维持肠道平衡中有重要作用，后者也许在调节脂肪代谢方面有重要作用；3.冬眠后期样本梭杆菌目含量极低，肠杆菌目在冬眠前期、后期含量极低，支原体目和虫原体目在五个样本中含量都低。后期的实验研究可以从乳杆菌目、梭菌目、拟杆菌目为切入点，进行活菌的提取、分离及进一步研究。 |
| 英文摘要 | Human and animals intestinal microorganisms are closely ralated. Microbes are an essential component to maintain homeostasis, digestion, absorption and adjust nutrition balance of host. The number of microbes are much more than animal somatic cell. They are closely related to the animal immune, nutritional and metabolic system. To study animal internal microbes community is useful in understanding the symbiotic relationship between microbes and their hosts, and has important effects in protecting animal and else. Salpingotus crassicauda is unique and only distributed in the desert zone. It can accumulate fat in the base near the first quarter length of tail during fattening season and then goes into hibernation. It is a good model to study hibernation and conditions in adversity. 16S rRNA molecular fragment is an important index to research diversity of microbes. In this study, three different periods intestinal microbial communities of S. crassicauda were selected for the diversity studies through using PCR amplification of 16S rRNA fragment, 16S rRNA clone libraries construction, PCR-RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing. Otherwise, this study also chosed the other two jerboas to find the gut microboes diversity’s differences among different species. From total five samples different microboes were found in eight orders: Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, Fusobacteriales, Bacteroidales, Enterobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales, Mycoplasmatales, Entomoplasmatales. Lactobacillales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidales were found in each samples. Three Salpingotus crassicauda samples were caculated for OTU, it was showed that the largest clone proportion of the Nov. 2011 sample (before hibernation ) was Lactobacillales (33.3%). Then the proportion gradually reduced: in the Jan. 2012 and Mar. 2012. However, Clostridiales’ proportion was gradually increased: from 4.5%, 22.4% to 39.2%. Though the proportion of Bacteroidalesis was at the lower end, its proportion showed a high-low-high tendency. The Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 strain has a important effect in improving metabolism and treatment of immune disorders which obesity induced by high-fat diet form previous study. Conclution: 1. 8 orders were totally found in five samples which were Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, Fusobacteriales, Bacteroidales, Enterobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Mycoplasmataceae and Entomoplasmatales. 2. Orders of Lactobacillales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidales may be involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism in jerboa hibernation process. The first two orders should have an important role in maintaining the balance of intestinal function. The last one could play an important role in the regulation of fat metabolism. 3. The content of Fusobacteriales in sample 201203 and Enterobacteriales in samples 201111 and 201203 was lower. Mycoplasmataceae and Entomoplasmatales were all lower in five samples. Our results indicated that Lactobacillales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidales could be used to bacteria culturing, seperating and more. |
| 中文关键词 | 肠道共生微生物 ; 16S rRNA ; 可操作分类单（OTU） |
| 英文关键词 | symbiotic gut microbiota 16S rRNA operational taxonomic unit (OTU） |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287285 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张哲. 新疆荒漠肥尾心颅跳鼠(Salpingotus crassicauda)肠道共生微生物群落多样性和特征性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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