Arid
AM真菌、水分和土壤无机磷对短命植物适应荒漠极端环境的影响
其他题名Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Moisture and Soil Inorganic Phosphorus on Adaptation of Ephemeral plants to Deaert Environment
张翠萍
出版年2013
学位类型博士
导师田长彥
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
中文摘要  古尔班通古特沙漠位于欧亚大陆腹地的准噶尔盆地,其冬季有积雪和春季降雨多的降水格局特征造就了早春短命植物这一独特的荒漠植物区系。89%的短命植物能与丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)建立共生关系共同适应荒漠干旱贫瘠极端环境。本研究以7种典型短命植物为研究对象,采用野外样地原位观测和室内盆栽相结合的析因方法,研究了:(1)土著AM真菌对短命植物开花及养分吸收分配的影响;(2)不同土壤水分、供磷强度下,AM真菌对短命植物个体生长和关键物候、植物群落结构、生物多样性及生态系统净初级生产力的影响。主要结果如下:   (1)AM真菌改善短命植物磷营养是加快植物生长发育节律,引导第一朵花开花提前的主要原因。尖喙牻牛儿苗与AM真菌共生,改善土壤速效磷的吸收,促进植物叶片发育,扩大叶面积,提高比叶面积(SLA),提高了植物营养生长期的相对生长速率(RGR),因此,菌根依赖性强的植物开花期提前,且单株开花数和结实数增多,提高了繁殖成效。AM真菌促进植物营养前期快速生长可以提高短命植物的生物累积量,进而影响生态系统的净初级生产力。   (2)供水量和供水方式显著影响AM真菌-短命植物共生体的生长及关键物候,共同调节植物群落结构、生物多样性及生态系统净初级生产力。增加40 mm供水量的两种供水方式下,分析水分对AM真菌-短命植物共生体及其群落结构的影响。野外试验结果表明:水分增加,促进AM真菌及短命植物的生长发育,菌根依赖性强的植物尖喙牻牛儿苗、弯果胡卢巴、琉苞菊开花提前,增加了生态系统的生物多样性和群落均匀度,进而提高了古尔班通古特沙漠的净初级生产力。两种不同的供水方式对短命植物群落的影响存在差异,早春高频率的少量水分补充促进菌根侵染,影响短命植物与AM真菌的共生关系和养分分配。   (3)土壤供磷强度与AM真菌的交互作用显著影响短命植物群落结构和物候等关键生态过程。增加无机磷,改变AM真菌侵染,显著影响荒漠早春短命植物群落结构、生物多样性和净初级生产力。25 μM的无机磷浓度对植物生长具有促进作用,诱导菌根植物短命植物尖喙牻牛儿苗、弯果胡卢巴、琉苞菊等开花提前,对非菌根植物条叶庭芥无影响。适量的无机磷能够提高荒漠生态系统的生物多样性和净初级生产力,但50 μM的无机磷处理对短命植物的生长及群落结构影响不显著。抑制土著AM真菌延缓短命植物开花,导致群落生物多样性、丰富度降低,显著降低了生态系统的净初级生产力。抑制AM真菌并且增加适度的无机磷(25 μM),可以代替AM真菌吸收养分的作用。   (4)AM真菌对短命植物群落不同物种间的生长和磷营养吸收分配上的差异性,是调控荒漠植物群落结构的重要原因。   通过以上结果,可以获得以下结论:第一,AM真菌促进短命植物磷的吸收与转运,提高营养期的RGR和植物单位叶面积,诱导植物开花提前可能是短命植物增强荒漠环境的适应性的一个重要策略;第二,土著AM真菌与短命植物的物候具有协同性,AM真菌在植物盛花期侵染达到最大值;第三,供水量和供水方式显著影响AM真菌和短命植物共生体的生长发育,供水量和供水方式对不同菌根特性短命植物植株养分吸收分配的差异,调节植物的群落结构、生物多样性及生态系统净初级生产力;第四,土壤无机磷水平与AM真菌的交互作用显著影响短命植物生长和养分分配,改变对群落的生物多样性和系统的净初级生产力,低磷有促进作用,高磷则抑制菌根作用。增加一定的速效磷能够补偿AM真菌受抑制时短命植物所降低的磷养分的获取能力。
英文摘要  Gurbantunggut Desert is located in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin of Eurasia. Early spring ephemeral plant is a unique desert flora adapted to the characteristics precipitation pattern of Gurbantunggut Desert, which is covered by snow in winter and has many rains in spring. Up to 89% of ephemeral plant species can be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for adaptation to harsh desert environments. This study selected seven typical ephemeral plants as the study materials, combined the factorial methods of field sample for in situ observation and pot experiments, studied: (1) effect of indigenous AM fungi on flower opening, nutrient uptake and distribution of ephemeral plants, (2) effect of AM fungi on individual growth and key phenology of ephemeral plants, plant community structure, biodiversity and ecosystem net primary productivity under different soil moisture and phosphorus supply. The main results were shown as follows:   (1) AM fungi can accelerate the development rhythm and then advance the first flowering times by promoted phosphorus nutrient of ephemeral plants. Erodium oxyrrhynchum colonization with AM fungi improved the available phosphorus uptake from soil; promoted plant leaf development, increased leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). Then plant relative growth rate (RGR) at the vegetative growth stage was improved. Ephemeral plants with strong mycorrhizal dependency advanced flowering times and increased numbers of flowering and seed per plant, which is beneficial for improving the reproductive success. AM fungi promoted plant rapidly growing at early vegetative growth stage could improve the biomass accumulation of ephemeral plants, which influence the net primary productivity of ecosystems.   (2) Growth and key phenology of host plants were significantly affected by water supply and water supply modes, with together regulating the plant community structure, biodiversity and net primary productivity of the ecosystem. Our aim was to investigate the influence of moisture on the symbiotic and community structures of two water supply modes increased with 40 mm water. Our results showed that increasing water promoted the growth and development of AM fungi and ephemeral plants, which induced the first flowering date in advance, in particular, ephemeral plants with strong mycorrhizal dependence (Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Trigonella arcuata and Hyalea pulchella), increased the diversity and Peilow evenness of community, and then improved net primary productivity of Gurbantunggut Desert ecosystem. Significant difference was observed between two water supply modes on the ephemeral plant communities, small water supply with high frequency at early spring is beneficial for promoting mycorrhizal infection, affect ephemeral plant symbiosis with AM fungi and nutrient allocation.  
中文关键词AM真菌 ; 短命植物 ; 荒漠环境 ; 生长发育 ; 开花物候 ; 群落结构 ; 生物多样性 ; 适应性
英文关键词AM fungi Ephemeral plants Desert ecosystem Growth
语种中文
国家中国
来源学科分类生态学
来源机构中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型学位论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287278
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
张翠萍. AM真菌、水分和土壤无机磷对短命植物适应荒漠极端环境的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013.
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