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| 亚-非间断分布香茶菜属的生物地理学和入侵植物飞机草的谱系地理学研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Biogeography of the genus Isodon (Lamiaceae) with Asia-Africa disjunction and phylogeography of the invasive species Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) |
| 余香琴 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 李捷 ; 李巧明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞后导致青藏高原隆升是新生代以来的重大地质历史事件，这些地质事件极大地改变了该区域及周围的气候和环境，从而对分布于该地区物种的起源和演化造成了深远的影响。而目前对于青藏高原地区地质事件的发生时间主要是基于古地质和古气候研究得出的推论，还需要其它方面证据的进一步支持和验证。此外，亚洲-非洲间断分布格局的形成原因一直以来受到了生物地理学家的广泛关注，目前已有至少三种假说 (隔离分化假说、北热带植物群假说和长距离扩散假说) 用来解释这一间断分布模式的成因。唇形科香茶菜属 (Isodon) 约含有100种，主要分布于亚洲的热带和亚热带地区，并以我国的横断山脉地区为其现代分布中心，只有两种分布于非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南的热带地区。该属是探讨青藏高原抬升以及由此带来的气候变化对该地区的物种起源及分化影响的理想研究材料，同时也是研究亚洲-非洲间断分布格局成因的绝佳选择。本研究以香茶菜属共71个种 (包括变种及可能的杂交种) 为研究材料，利用3个母系遗传的叶绿体DNA片段和2个双亲遗传的核DNA片段 (其中包括1个低拷贝的核基因片段) 对该属进行了较为全面的分子系统和生物地理学研究。 随着经济全球化进程的加快，生物入侵已成为全球性的社会经济和环境问题。外来种入侵是威胁全球生物多样性的重要因素之一，外来种对野生生物资源库产生了强烈的影响, 并一直被认为是制定生物多样性保护策略时应考虑的核心问题。探究外来种成功入侵的机制是制定有效管理策略的前提, 而了解外来种的引入途径、次数和传播路线有利于更深入地探究其入侵机制。飞机草 (Chromolaena odorata) |
| 英文摘要 | The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) caused by the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate were significant geological events in the Cenozoic. These events had deeply affected the climate and environment of the QTP and its adjacent regions, thus had a profound impact on the origin and diversification of many organisms in this area. However, the time scale of those tectonic events on QTP were hypotheses or speculations inferred from geologic or paleoclimatic researches. It is necessary to test these hypotheses using other approaches. Meanwhile, the Asia-Africa disjunct distribution has attracted considerable attention of numerous biogeographers. Three hypotheses could be used to explain the Asia-Africa disjunct distribution: Indian rafting, Boreotropical Flora and long-distance dispersal. Isodon (Lamiaceae) is a genus comprised approximately 100 species, mostly distributed in tropical and subtropicalAsia, with the diversity center in Hengduan Mountains region, and only two species occurred in tropical Africa. Isodon is an ideal organism to investigate the relationship between the uplift of QTP and subsequent climate change and the origin and diversification of organisms distributed in this area, it is also an idealcandidate for exploring the mechanism of Asia-Africa disjunct distribution. In this study, we used three maternal chloroplast DNA fragments and two biparental nuclear markers (including one low copy nuclear gene) to conduct the molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of Isodon, with 71 species (including varieties and putative hybrids)included. Biological invasion has profoundly influencedthe shape of the world’s biota overgeological time, and it also caused some socioeconomic andenvironmental problems. Exotic species are posing serious threatsto biodiversity in invasive areas.Understanding the mechanismsunderlying successful invasion of invasive species is central to make successful management efforts, and introduction status and invasion routes should be known prior to investigating the possible mechanisms. |
| 中文关键词 | 香茶菜属 ; 飞机草 ; 系统发育 ; 生物地理学 ; 谱系地理学 ; 快速物种分化 ; 异源多倍化 ; 青藏高原 |
| 英文关键词 | Isodon Chromolaena odorata phylogeny biogeography phylogeography |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287275 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 余香琴. 亚-非间断分布香茶菜属的生物地理学和入侵植物飞机草的谱系地理学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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