Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 基于化学成分的不同产地锁阳资源品质特征分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis of quality characteristics of Cynomorium songaricum based on chemical compositions |
| 杨月琴 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 彭敏 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 摘 要伴随社会发展与科技进步，人类对医药产品、功能性保健品和健康食品的需求日益增长。崇尚自然、回归自然的各类天然产物研发成为备受关注的热点之一。作为产品主要原材料的天然植物资源的品质也因此变得至关重要。同种植物体在不断适应不同生境的过程中，会逐渐演变成内在化学成分构成与含量上差异的类群组，进而表现出资源品质特征方面的明显差异。只有在综合分析的基础上，了解并掌握资源种类在品质特征方面的地域差异，才能因地制宜、科学合理地开发利用这些宝贵的资源。但是，目前绝大多数对生物资源品质特征的分析研究，仅仅局限于借助单一成分或单一因素进行分析而具有一定的局限性或片面性。本研究以广泛分布于我国西北荒漠及半荒漠地区的寄生药用资源植物——锁阳（Cynomorium songaricum Rupr．）为研究对象，在多点采样、多类型化学成分测定的基础上，采用多元数据定量化分析方法，区分出能够更好地反映不同品质特性的资源类群组，并依据分组结果分析探讨不同资源类群组的化学成分品质特征。预期在深入揭示不同产地（类群组）锁阳资源品质特征的同时，初步探索建立天然植物资源化学成分品质特征的综合分析评价方法。此外，采用稳定性同位素技术，探讨分析了锁阳与寄主之间的生态关系。通过研究，获得以下主要研究结果：1、锁阳主要分布于沙地和盐碱地生境中，既分布于以寄主白刺属植物为建群种的纯群落中；也分布于以白刺为优势种，同时伴生盐爪爪、红砂、柽柳、红柳、芨芨草、赖草和霸王等植物种类的群落中。2、检测出88种脂溶性成分，包括20种非极性成分、38种弱极性成分和30种极性成分。通过脂溶性成分含量的聚类分析，划分出3个类群组。比较表明，各组平均含量较为接近（分别为1.1366%、1.1361%、1.1364%）；类群组1极性成分含量（2.39%）相对较高，非极性成分含量（0.43%）较低；组2弱极性成分含量（0.45%）相对较低；组3非极性成分含量（0.63%）和弱极性成分含量（0.56%）相对较高，极性成分含量（2.21%）相对较低。亚油酸等多种成分在不同类群组中也表现出明显差异。据分析，脂溶性成分含量差异似乎与群落总盖度和白刺盖度有一定联系。3、检测出总黄酮（39.03 mg/g）、粗多糖（80.00 mg/g）、粗脂肪（17.63 mg/g）、熊果酸（0.16 mg/g）、没食子酸（0.30 mg/g）、原儿茶醛（0.01 mg/g）、儿茶素（0.14 mg/g）、表儿茶素（0.12 mg/g）等主要活性成分的平均含量，其中以粗多糖的含量较高。采用聚类分析划分出3个类群组。比较表明，类群组1总黄酮含量（46.14 mg/g）较高，粗多糖含量（58.79 mg/g）和没食子酸含量（0.18 mg/g）相对较低；组2粗多糖含量（140.80 mg/g）明显较高，没食子酸含量（0.61 mg/g）也相对较高；组3总黄酮含量（28.98 mg/g）相对较低，儿茶素含量（0.30 mg/g）相对较高。据分析，盐碱地和沙地生境的不同，似乎对活性成分含量有影响。4、检测出锁阳样品中27种矿物质元素含量。采用聚类分析划分出3个类群组。比较表明，类群组1K元素含量（8060.42 mg/kg）相对较高，微量元素含量（524.87 mg/kg）、Ca元素含量（2733.46 mg/kg）、Na元素含量（768.70 mg/kg）相对较低；组2微量元素含量（1008.65 mg/kg）、重金属元素含量（6.77 mg/kg）、其它元素含量（12.57 mg/kg）、Ca元素含量（4371.90 mg/kg）均相对较高，K元素含量（6403.47 mg/kg）则相对较低；组3常量元素（13860.90 mg/kg）、Na元素含量（2185.86 mg/kg）、Mg元素含量（1114.54 mg/kg）相对较高，重金属元素含量（3.74 mg/kg）和其它元素含量（4.65 mg/kg）则较低。矿质元素含量差异似乎与其寄主白刺之间存在着联系。5、分别采用全检测数据和整合数据方式，对上述化学成分含量进行综合分析。比较两种分析方法，样点数量和构成存在一定差异，但是有一些样点总是会划分在相同类群组，可能其品质特征具有一定的相似性。依据全检测分组的结果表明，类群组Ⅰ的粗脂肪含量（17.75 mg/g）相对较高；类群组Ⅱ总黄酮含量（40.53mg/g）相对较高；类群组Ⅲ粗多糖含量（100.85 mg/g）相对较高。6、分析了青藏高原及其周围戈壁中全寄生锁阳及其寄主（唐古特白刺和西伯利亚白刺）的稳定性碳、氮同位素特征，锁阳的δ13C的比值很好地反应出宿主的δ13C， 寄主（唐古特白刺和西伯利亚白刺）的δ13C和δ15N之间呈现明显的负相关，但锁阳与寄主间的δ13C差异与δ15N的差异无明显关联，锁阳的δ13C和δ15N之间也呈现负相关，且这种相关性随着海拔的升高而加强，而与寄主类型无关；与戈壁沙漠相比，青藏高原地区锁阳的δ13C和δ15N具有明显的不同，青藏高原地区盐碱地内锁阳和寄主的δ13C和δ15N与沙地和戈壁的也明显不同。总之，锁阳与其寄主间同位素的分异与海拔、生境以及寄主有关。采用多因素综合分析的方法是对构建植物资源综合品质评价体系的尝试，应用稳定性同位素方法也对品质评价研究提供了有价值的参考。 |
| 英文摘要 | ABSTRACTWith the development of society and the progress in science and technology, people become more and more dependent on healing drugs, functional health care products, and healthy food. The quality of natural plant resources is crucial because of their role of raw materials in processing. Plant is a complex in which different components interact to coordinate. Species in different environments has evolved into various ecotypes during long-term evolution. Therefore, it is necessary to synthesize multiple components, to understand regional difference and give appropriate quality evaluation before we can adjust measures to local conditions, to arrange reasonably and develop dominant resources.Cynomorium songaricum, a precious holoparasitic medicine plant parasitizing Nitraria sp., is widely distributed in the desert in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia Autonomous Region as well as Qinghai and Gansu provinces. C. songaricum, a single species in the unique genus Cynomorium, show great difference in their quality in different habitats. This study aimed to illustrate the quality characteristics of C. songaricum, based on sampling of different conditions, detection of chemical component, and analysis by synthesis of many parameters, trying to establish a new method to comprehensively evaluate the quality of natural plant resources. We also introduced stable isotope technology, to understand the ecological interaction between C. songaricum and their host in different habitats. Our investigations on the quality characteristics of C. songaricum generated the following results: 1. Based on the sample collection of C. songaricum in the same season, we found that C. songaricum are usually distributed in sand and salty conditions. C. songaricum can be either found in the pure community of Nitraria or in other communities where Nitraria are associated with Kalidium foliatum, Phragmites australis, Tamarix chinensis,Achnatherum splendens, and Aneurolepidium dasystachys.2. The liposoluble constituents of C. songaricum were detected by using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Eighty-eight liposoluble components were isolated in the stems ofC. songaricum, of which 20 were nonpolarized, 38 weak polarized, and 30 polarized. By using DPS program, C. songaricum in different conditions can be divided into three groups. Comparisons showed that the content of liposoluble components was similar among the three groups (1.1366%, 1.1361% and 1.1364% respectively), while group I was characterized by higher content of polarized components (2.39%) but lower content of nonpolarized ones (0.43%). Weak-polarized components were low in the group II (0.45%). In contrast, nonpolarized (0.63%) and weak-polarized components (0.56%) were relatively high in the group III with lower content of polarized components (2.21%). We also detected differences in the contents of linoleic acid (0.05～2.58%), trans-oleic acid (0.94～8.06%), cis-oleic acid (0.19～2.19%) and trimethoxysilyl octadecanoic acid (0.02～3.64%) between the three groups. These differences seemed to be correlated with the coverage of total community as well as Nitraria populations.3. Various analytical methods, such as ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Soxhlet extraction and high performance liquid chromatography were applied to measure the contents of total flavonoids, crude polysaccharide, crude fat, ursolic acid, catechinic acid, protocatechualdehyde, epicatechin, and gallic acid in C. songaricum . Their concentrations were 39.03mg/g, 80.00 mg/g, 17.63 mg/g, 0.16 mg/g, 0.30 mg/g, 0.01 mg/g, 0.14 mg/g, and 0.12 mg/g, respectively. Among these chemical compositions, crude polysaccharide reached the highest level. All sampled C. songaricum can be clustered into 3 groups. Group I showed higher content of total flavonoids (46.14 mg/g) but lower contents of crude polysaccharide (58.79 mg/g) and gallic acid(0.18 mg/g). Group II exhibited higher contents of both crude polysaccharide (140.80 mg/g) and gal |
| 中文关键词 | 锁阳 ; 化学成分 ; 品质特征分析 ; 同位素 ; 寄主 |
| 英文关键词 | Cynomorium songaricum Chemical composition Quality characteristics evaluation Isotope signature Host |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287274 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨月琴. 基于化学成分的不同产地锁阳资源品质特征分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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