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| 基于AquaCrop模型的黑河流域中游制种玉米水生产力应用研究 | |
| 其他题名 | AquaCrop model application of maize crop water productivity in the middle reaches district of Heihe River Basin |
| 徐凤英 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 盖迎春 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 农业用水作为消耗水资源最多的部分，在全球和区域水资源消耗中占据很大比例。作物水生产力的评价对于改进区域农业水资源利用方式，促进农业经济发展具有重要意义，尤其是在水资源匮乏地区。因此作物水生产力的研究已成为近年来国内外的研究热点之一，同时也建立了许多有关作物水生产力的模型和系统，但是大多数模型仅用于科研阶段，同时由于这些数模型需要的数据多而详细，但由于获取参数的困难性，因此在实际的应用过程中，这些基础的模型并不能够满足科研人员的需要。为了解决这些问题，FAO设定并开发了AquaCrop模型，此模型的特点是直观性强和应用范围广泛，同时该模型真正面向用户和简洁实用。相对于其他模型而言，该模型所需要的参数较少，并在此基础上，对作物的生长过程进行了模拟，同时在水生产力预测方面，对作物的蒸腾系数和土壤蒸发系数进行了分离。 国外对该模型的研究应用比较广泛，但国内对该模型的认知晚，同时研究也比较少，特别是该模型能否适用中国，目前有少数几篇此类研究的相关文献。因此，本文就上述问题以黑河流域中游张掖市绿洲地区超级站的试验为基础，以AquaCrop模型为工具，以大满超级站的2012年大田数据为试验数据来源，同时对AquaCrop模型进行了调试，最后运用已经参数化的AquaCrop模型模拟作物产量、蒸散量和水生产力，并以2008年和2009年盈科站的制种玉米生产力情况对该模型进行验证，了解AquaCrop模型在张掖地区的适用情况。主要取得了以下研究成果： 1. 模型的调试结果为：张掖超级站2012年制种玉米产量、蒸散量和水生产力的模拟结果与实测结果较为吻合；产量的相对误差为0.029；水生产力的相对误差为0.014；蒸散量的相对误差为0.004。结果表明AquaCrop模型在模拟制种玉米产量、蒸散量和水生产力等方面取得了较好的模拟结果，因此将其应用于黑河流域中游张掖地区的制种玉米水生产力的模拟情况具有可行性。 2. 通过对模型的调试，获得了适宜张掖地区的一些模型参数，主要包括最大冠层覆盖度CCx取值85%；根系的最大可能膨胀速率取值为1.7 cm/day，水分胁迫对根区膨胀的影响因子取值为-5；作物衰老对最大作物系数Kcbx的影响因子取值为0.23；叶片开始衰老时的土壤水分损耗临界点p（sen）的降低比率取值为12%；参考收获指数HI0取值为40%；HI的存在周期为取值为51d；收获指数开始出现时的冠层的最小覆盖度取值为12%。 3. 运用参数化的AquaCrop模型模拟了2008年和2009年盈科站的制种玉米的生产力和水生产力。并取得了较好的模拟效果，因此基本适用于黑河流域中游张掖地区。 |
| 英文摘要 | Agricultural water is the largest part of water consumption and occupies a large proportion in global and regional water consumption. Crop water productivity evaluation contributes significantly to improving water resource utilization and promoting agricultural economy, especially in those areas where water shortage is severe. So the research of crop water productivity has become one of the hottest researches both at home and abroad in recent years. A series of models and systems have been established. But most of them are still in the research phase. They are not truly user-oriented and can’t be extended a gigantic scale, as they are not simple enough. And it is rather difficult to obtain the very detailed data needed by those models. This is one of the factors that hold back the application of crop water productivity evaluation in the actual production. The FAO develops AquaCrop model aiming at the solving the problems above. With strong intuition and wide range of application, this model is simple and truly user-oriented. Using much fewer data, his model can achieve the goal of simulating growth of crops, separating crop transpiration from soil evaporation, predicting productivity, Optimizing irrigation system etc. The study of this model is widely used abroad, but domestic less to the cognition of the model, research is still in its infancy, this model can apply to China, in particular, there is few such studies related literature. Therefore, in this paper, the above problems in Heihe River basin middle super station based on the experiment of zhangye oasis area, by means of AquaCrop model, to a big super station full of 2012 years field data for data source, and debugging of AquaCrop model, finally using the parameterized AquaCrop model has simulated crop yield and amount of evapotranspiration and water productivity, and used in 2008 and 2009 standing corn seed productivity condition to validate the model, understand the AquaCrop model applies in alkaline saline area. Basically achieved the following results: 1. The results of this model are as follows: Zhangye Superstation seed corn yield and amount of evapotranspiration and water productivity of tallies with the simulated results and measured results in 2012; Relative error of the production is 0.029; Relative error of the water productivity is 0.014; Evapotranspiration of the relative error of 0.004. Results show that the AquaCrop model in simulation seed corn yield and amount of evapotranspiration and water productivity of good simulation results were obtained, thus applied to the middle of Heihe River Basin alkaline saline region of seed corn water productivity simulation is feasible. 2. Through debugging of the model, obtained the suitable alkaline saline region of some model parameters. Incuiding: maximum canopy cover is 85%; root maximum possible expansion rate 1.7 cm/day; shape factor of expansion of root zone when crop is waterstressed -5; shape factor of adjustment of Kcbxwhen senescence is triggered 0.23; decrease with p（sen）once senescence is triggered 12%; Reference Harvest Index 40%; HI life cycle is 51day, and Threshold green canopy cover below which HarvestIndex can no longer increase 12%. 3. Using the parameterized AquaCrop model to simulate the production and water productivity of maize in 2008 and 2008. Then has obtained the good simulation effect, so the basic applied to the Zhangye area in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. |
| 中文关键词 | AquaCrop模型 ; 产量 ; 作物蒸散量 ; 作物水生产力 |
| 英文关键词 | AquaCrop model yield crop evapotranspiration crop water productivity |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287248 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐凤英. 基于AquaCrop模型的黑河流域中游制种玉米水生产力应用研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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