Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黑河中游临泽县地下水变化特征及成因分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Characteristics of Groudwater Change and the Cause Analysis of Linze County in the Middle of Heihe River Basin |
| 王金凤 | |
| 出版年 | 2013 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 在干旱半干旱地区，地下水是重要的水资源，对当地的生态平衡和社会经济发展具有重要的作用。因此，地下水的长期监测和研究对于认识地下水的分布规律与变化趋势、了解区域水资源量及其合理利用、制定流域水资源管理策略以及生态脆弱区的社会经济可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。 基于黑河流域中游临泽县1984～2010年地下水水位的监测资料，结合GS+、ArcGIS软件和地统计方法对1986、1991、1996、2001、2006和2010年的地下水埋深分别进行了半变异函数分析、理论模型选取以及空间插值分析，研究临泽县地下水埋深的时空变化特征，并结合临泽县1985～2005年土地利用/覆被变化情况分析地下水与土地利用之间的关系，结果表明： (1) 受地形和土地利用变化等因素的影响，临泽县各灌区地下水埋深整体上呈逐年下降趋势，梨园河灌区、小屯灌区、鸭暖灌区、板桥灌区、平川灌区、蓼泉灌区地下水埋深最大降深分别为3.33m、1.26m、0.93m、1.28m、1.74m、1.19m；河岸湿地地下水埋深基本处于稳定状态，戈壁荒漠地下水水位近几年呈现阶梯状上升的趋势，其它景观带年际变化情况比较一致，总体呈下降趋势，内部会有波动起伏现象。 从不同的景观带来看，戈壁荒漠、河岸湿地地下水埋深年内波动很小，绿洲内部农田生态系统、绿洲边缘和绿洲—荒漠过渡带地下水埋深年内基本呈双峰状波动，两个峰值分别出现在5月和12月，该变化与作物生长过程具有较好的对应关系。 (2) 地下水埋深空间分布特征为南北深，中间浅，从各灌区来看，小屯灌区是地下水埋深最浅的区域，平川灌区西南、板桥灌区、鸭暖灌区、蓼泉灌区西南、梨园河灌区北部地下水深埋下降明显。小于4m的区域1986～2010年面积减少了337.01 km2，占全县的12.58%，缩小趋势明显；根据农作物生长的最佳地下水埋深5m来计算，1986～2010年间小于5m的区域面积减少了20.46%，主要集中在平川灌区西南部和板桥灌区西北部。而大于6m的区域逐渐扩大到了全县面积的近2/3。 (3) 临泽县耕地主要是在老绿洲基础上的向外延伸，大部分从耕地周边的草地和部分林地、建设用地及未利用地转入，同时，1985～2000年有部分耕地转为林地、建设用地和未利用地；1985～2005年草地面积逐渐减少，呈严重退化的趋势，主要转化为耕地、林地和未利用地；林地面积呈先增加后减少的趋势；水域面积呈先减少后增加的趋势；建设及工矿用地面积逐年增加，主要是由耕地和草地转入，大部分集中在中心城区周边和重点镇周围，2000年以后其增加的幅度减小，这与建设用地的集约化发展有关。 地下水埋深最深区域主要在南部祁连山区和北部戈壁荒漠区，1996～2000年地下水埋深等值线明显变密，下降区域主要的土地类型为耕地、草地和未利用地，临泽县地下水埋深整体呈下降的趋势；2000～2005年地下水埋深等值线中部地区变稀疏，变化的主要土地类型为耕地、建设用地及工矿用地和未利用地。 |
| 英文摘要 | As an important water resource in the arid an semi-arid area, groundwater resource is important in ecological balance and social and economic development. So, the long-term monitoring and research has very important realistic meanings in understanding the distribution and variation trend of groundwater, knowing the amount of regional water resource and its rational utilization, formulating strategy of water resources management in river basin and the socio-economic sustainable development in ecotone. Based on monitoring data of groundwater in Linze County in middle Heihe River Basin from 1984-2010 and combined with GS+, ArcGIS and statistics, the study has conducted semi-variogram function analysis, model selection, spatial interpolation analysis on groundwater level of 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2010, and obtained the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater level in Linze County. The results are in accordance with actual situation. The results show that: (1) Groundwater depth of each irrigation area in Linze County wholly shows a decreasing trend under the influence of topography and land use. The groundwater depth of Liyuan River irrigation district, Xiaotun irrigation district, Yanuan irrigation district, Banqiao irrigation district, Pingchuan irrigation district and Liaoquan irrigation district is respectively 3.33m、1.26m、0.93m、1.28m、1.74m、1.19m；the groundwater depth of Riparian wetland is basically in a steady state; the groundwater depth of Gobi desert presents a step upward trend; the interannual change of groundwater depth of other landscapes is similar, which presents a downward trend, but the interior has some fluctuation. Monthly change of groundwater depth is very small in gobi and wetland; for oasis, oasis edge and oasis-desert ecotone, there are two peaks which respectively appears in May and December, which has a good corresponding relationship with growing process of crop. (2) Groundwater depth is deep in the south and north area, while is shallow in the middle. Judging from each irrigation district, the groundwater depth of Xiaotun irrigation district is the most shallow, the groundwater declined significantly in the southwest of Pingchuan irrigation district, Banqiao irrigation district, Yanuan irrigation district, the southwest of Liaoquan irrigation district and the north of Liyuan River irrigation district. The area whose groundwater depth is less than 4m has decreased by 337.01km2, which accounted for 12.58% of the county, while the region whose groundwater depth is more than 6m has expanded to 66.7% of the county. According to the best groundwater depth of crop growth, the area whose groundwater depth is less than 5m has decreased by 20.46% from 1986 to 2010, Which is mainly in the southwest of Pingchuan irrigation district and the northwest of Banqiao irrigation district. (3) The extension of cultivated land in Linze County is mainly based on the old oasis, which is mainly transferred from grass land、forest land、constructed land and unused land, meantime, some cultivated land turned into forest land、constructed land and unused land from 1985 to 2000. Grass land reduced gradually from 1985 to 2005, which mainly turned into cultivated land、forest land and unused land. The area of forest land increased first and then deceased from 1985 to 2005. Water area decreased first and then increased from 1985 to 2005. The area of constructed land has increased year by year, which is mainly transferred from cultivated land and grass land, most of the area is focused in central city and key towns, the increasing rate reduced from 2000, which is related to the intensive development. The deepest area of groundwater depth is located in the southern Qilian Mountain and the northern desert region, from 1996 to 2000, the groundwater depth contours significantly became dense, the main land types are cultivated land、grass land and unused land. The groundwater depth wholly showed downward trend. From 2000 to 2005, the groundwater depth contours in central area became thin, and the mainly changing land types are cultivated land、constructed land and unused land. |
| 中文关键词 | 地下水 ; 埋深 ; 变化特征 ; 土地利用/覆被变化 ; 临泽县 |
| 英文关键词 | Groundwater Groundwater Depth Variation Characteristics LUCC Linze County |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287175 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王金凤. 黑河中游临泽县地下水变化特征及成因分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2013. |
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