Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 基于LUCC的新疆生态服务价值时空对比分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Spatial Temporal Dynamic Analysis of Ecosystem Service Value in Xinjiang Based on Land Use/Cover Changes |
| 黄凤 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 全球生态系统提供的2/3以上的各类服务已经呈现下降趋势，且这种趋势可能在未来50年内仍然不能得到有效扭转。随着国家经济建设重点西移，西部已成为我国经济增长的重要支点。新疆作为典型的西部干旱区，农业、能源、矿产资源极为丰富，但是支撑资源开发的生态环境极为脆弱，人类活动诱发的土地退化、生物多样性减少等一系列生态环境问题日趋严重，使得资源开发利用受到严重制约，直接影响到我国西部以资源基地建设为中心的经济发展格局。因此，在这种背景下，全面了解并恰当评估西部干旱区生态系统服务，对我国经济建设意义深远。\n本文以新疆为研究区，在前人研究成果的基础上，利用遥感、GIS与地理数学方法相结合的方式完成新疆土地利用的分区、命名和描述；以新疆1990、2000、2005、2008、2010年遥感影像和地面实测数据为主要数据源，利用GIS空间分析、数学统计分析提取20年间新疆各种土地利用类型的面积变化、净变化、净变化速率、土地转移矩阵等动态变化信息；在总结生态系统服务价值国内外研究进展的基础上，参照谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值系数和Costanza等的生态系统服务价值计算公式，结合研究区实际情况采用发展阶段系数进行修正，在此基础上针对分区结果采用修正的估算方法，从时间和空间尺度对新疆20年间生态系统服务价值的动态变化进行对比分析，清楚地揭示了新疆巨大的生态系统服务价值和时空分布的不平衡状态，从而对各土地利用分区的地位、作用与功能协调的可持续发展途径进行初步探讨。基于以上研究得到如下结论：\n（1）采用了定量分析为主的统计分析方法，与专家集成法相结合，并在主体功能分区的指导下将新疆分为六个土地利用区是客观、合理的，符合国家发展战略布局。\n（2）新疆20年来，耕地、建设用地的面积持续增长，且年增长速率在6大地类中最大；水域不断萎缩；林地、草地被破坏，开荒撂荒面积不断增加。土地利用结构信息熵和均衡度均上升，但变化幅度较小，说明新疆土地系统向着无序化方向发展，具体表现在农业用地和非农用地的此消彼长，人地矛盾日益加剧。I、II、III土地利用区的信息熵均高于IV、V、VI区的水平，这与经济发展、人类活动对区域系统的影响程度有密切关系。由于特殊地理环境和近年来国家政策的影响，通过预测，新疆未来20年土地利用变化将十分复杂，耕地比重将持续增加，但增速变缓。\n（3）研究期内，新疆总的生态系统服务价值先增后减，整体变化较小。各土地利用分区的生态服务价值均先增后减，和全疆生态系统服务价值的变化趋势保持一致，Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区的地均生态系统服务价值较大且变化最频繁。新疆生态系统服务价值重心由北偏东22.684°方向迁移12561.5m，有不断向北发展的趋势，各土地利用分区的生态系统服务价值重心也出现不同程度的迁移。生态服务价值的变化趋势受到土地利用类型变化的影响，其中起主导作用的地类是林地和耕地，草地次之，未利用地的影响最小，生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化表现出了较强的敏感性。\n（4）新疆的生态经济协调度为0.0199，生态经济发展总体上已处于协调水平的边缘，协调度呈现下降趋势，尤其是III、V区协调度已经低于全疆平均水平。在进行新疆土地利用结构优化时，要正确认识土地资源的分布和利用规律、发挥各区土地资源优势，重视对生态环境的保育，协调好生态环境保护与经济发展的矛盾，以促进生态与经济协调发展。 |
| 英文摘要 | More than two-thirds of various services provided by the global ecosystem have shown a downward trend, and this trend can’t be still effectively reversed in the next 50 years. With the focus on the westward movement of national economic construction, the West has become the fulcrum of China's economic growth. Though Xinjiang has rich natural resources, agriculture, energy and mineral resources as a typical west arid zone, support resource development of the ecological environment is extremely fragile. A series of ecological environment problems (land desertification, soil salinization, grassland degradation and biodiversity reduced) which has been caused by human have become increasingly severe. Resource development and utilization are severely constrained by it and a direct impact on the pattern of economic development of western China resource bases. Therefore, it what to do a comprehensive understanding and a proper assessment of the western arid zone ecosystem services is far-reaching significance for China’s economic construction in this context.\nThis study took the Xinjiang as the study area. Remote sensing, GIS and Geographic Mathematics method were used to complete partition, name and description of land use in Xinjiang. By using GIS-RS techniques and based on the data of land use/cover change in Xinjiang during 1990-2010 which extracted from remote sensing images by means of spatial analyst, this paper analyzed the effect of land use change which was measured and quantified by area net change, net change speed and land use transformation types. This study adopted Xie Gao-di’s table ‘Equivalent weight of China terrestrial ecosystem services value’ system to assess ecosystem service value from 1990 to 2010 in Xinjiang. It revealed clearly the huge imbalance in the ecosystem service value from the spatial and temporal distribution in Xinjiang. The last we discussed the partition of land use status, role and function of coordinated sustainable development approach. The main conclusions of this study were as follow:\n(1) Xinjiang is been divided into six land use zoning by the quantitative analysis method based statistical analysis and combined with expert integration wears under the guidance of main functional area. The result is an objective, reasonable and in line with national development strategy.\n(2) Crop land and building-up area which are the largest annual growth rate in six land use type sustained growth; water body, grassland and woodland decreased in Xinjiang for 20years. The information entropy and the equilibrium degree of land use structure both increased, but the change is minor. It showed that Xinjiang of land use is toward the direction of the disorder from the specific performance of the shift in agricultural land and non-agricultural land. Xinjiang is increasing the contradictions of the people and land. The information entropy of land use structure of I, II, III is higher than the level of IV, V, VI. It closely related to the impact of human activities and economic development. Due to special geographic environment and the impact of national policies in recent years, Xinjiang of land use change will be very complex and crop land will continue to increase, but growth slows in the next 20 years by the forecast.\n(3) The ecosystem services value in Xinjiang in 1990 -2010 changed slightly, with the total value increased after an initial decrease. The ecosystem services value of every land use zoning is the same to the trend with Xinjiang. The ecosystem services value of II and III is larger and the most frequent changed than others. The migration ecosystem service value barycenter of Xinjiang is from the north east 22.684° direction 12561.5m continue northward trend of development. The ecosystem service value barycenter of every land use zoning is varying degrees of migration too. Trend of changes in the ecosystem services value by type of land use change, which play a leading role to class woodland and crop land, grassland, followed by unused land with minimal impact .The ecosystem services value showed a strong sensitivity to land use change. \n(4) Eco-economic harmony index of Xinjiang is 0.0199 and the eco-economic development in the region was at the margin of harmony. Especially Eco-economic harmony index of III and V is lower than the Xinjiang’s level. Thus, it is necessary to understand correctly of land resources, distribution and use of the law and play every land use zoning of resources. More attention should be paid to strengthen the protection of eco-environment and promote the harmonious development of eco-economy to have a sustainable development during the Xinjiang land use structure. |
| 中文关键词 | LUCC ; 土地利用分区 ; 生态服务价值 ; 空间分布 ; 生态经济 ; 协调发展 |
| 英文关键词 | LUCC Land use regionalization Ecosystem services value Spatial distribution Eco-economy Harmonious development |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287151 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄凤. 基于LUCC的新疆生态服务价值时空对比分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [黄凤]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [黄凤]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [黄凤]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
