Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 基于遥感的天山中段山区积雪制图研究 | |
| 其他题名 | A Study on Snow Mapping of the Central Tianshan Mountains Based on Remote Sensing |
| 李倩 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 李兰海 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 积雪在地表辐射能量平衡和交换中发挥了重要的作用，同时也是干旱区春季融雪径流的重要组成部分，其对春季河流的补给甚至能达到75%以上。在天山，季节性积雪十分丰富，其产生的融雪径流是山区河流径流的重要组成部分。据统计，天山每年有9.63×109m3的融雪径流补给径流。然而积雪对气候变化的响应十分敏感，气候变化导致的积雪变化对春夏两季河川径流的影响，会对干旱区脆弱的生态环境产生严重的后果。因此积雪的监测可以为水资源管理提供有效的措施，对于干旱区生态环境保护、农牧业生产及社会经济可持续发展均具有重要的意义。进行积雪覆盖遥感制图是实现这一目的的重要手段。\n本研究将天山中段山区作为研究对象，以MODIS数据为数据源，对研究区内的积雪信息进行提取，并进行专题制图。在此基础上，分析了研究区内积雪的时空分布变化特征，积雪对气候变化的响应，以及其对研究区内典型流域——开都河流域径流的影响。主要结论如下：\n（1）MODIS数据为积雪制图提供了较好的数据源，其地面分辨率和时间分辨率均能满足一定区域尺度积雪制图的需要。利用MODIS数据进行积雪专题制图是可行的。\n（2）天山中段山区2000-2010年夏季积雪年变化特征总体呈下降趋势。分高程带来看，除了2500-3000m高程带呈微弱的上升趋势，其它均为下降趋势。其中，下降趋势最大的是两个位于永久性积雪覆盖地区，3500-4000m高程带和4000-4500m高程带。剩下的高程带的下降趋势都比较微弱。\n（3）对开都河流域2000-2010年积雪覆盖面积的研究发现，年内积雪变化较大，冬季积雪面积达到最大，夏季面积最小。11年来积雪面积年际变化呈微弱的下降趋势，其中夏季和冬季下降趋势较明显，春季和秋季的变化趋势不明显。通过研究区积雪面积与气候资料的相关性表明，冬春季气温与流域积雪面积相关性最大，夏季最小；而降水在冬季和积雪面积的相关性最大。\n（4）对开都河径流和基流的影响因素进行分析表明积雪面积对春季径流和基流影响最大，在夏季的影响最小。气温与径流和基流的相关性在春秋季最大，降水量在夏季与径流和基流最相关。由此可见，气温在影响流域积雪面积变化方面起着重要作用，而气温和积雪面积在春秋季对径流和基流的影响最大，夏季降水对径流和基流的影响最大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Snow plays an important role in balancing earth surface heat and generating snowmelt in arid zone. The supply of snowmelt can reach above 75% of streamflow in spring. In Xinjiang, there is a large storage of seasonal snow in Tianshan Mountains. The seasonal snowmelt is an important part of streamflow, especially in the river systems of mountainous area in arid zone. There is about 9.63×109m3 snowmelt and glaciermelt in Tianshan Mountains supplied to streamflow every year. The temporal and spatial variations of snow-cover depend on many factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, local vegetation cover, wind direction and speed, solar radiation and so on. As a result, the snow-cover is very sensitive to climate change, which can lead to the change of streamflow in spring and summer. The change of streamflow influences the weak ecological environment in arid land. Therefore, effectively monitoring snow-cover is an essential part of water resources management in a region.\nThis study applied MODIS products from 2000 to 2010 in the central Tianshan Mountains. The aim was to extract the snow-cover information and map the thematic map of snow-cover. In addition, this paper analyzed the variation of snow-cover change, the impact of snow-cover change on streamflow and baseflow as well as the relationship among meteorological factors, snow-cover and streamflow. The results demonstrated that:\n(1) Snow mapping demanded the remote sensing images of appropriate ground resolution and temporal resolution. The MODIS products provided a good data source, which was suitable for snow mapping.\n(2) Total change of snow-cover in Tianshan Mountains from 2000-2010 was a slightly decline in summer. The changes of snow-cover extent with elevation were different. They had a decreasing tendency except snow-cover within 2500-3000m zone. The snow-cover within 3500-4000m zone was decreasing the most, followed by the 4000-4500m zone. The other elevation intervals just had slightly decreasing tendency.\n(3) The snow-cover of the Kaidu River Basin varied with a seasonal change within a year, and the maximum value occurred in winter while the minimum in summer. The total snow-cover showed a slightly decreasing trend from 2000 to 2010. Seasonally, the snow-cover was decreasing in summer and winter, and there was no obvious change in spring and autumn. The correlation between snow-cover and meteorological data showed that there existed a stronger correlation between snow-cover and temperature in spring and winter than in summer, and snow-cover had a good correlation with precipitation in winter.\n(4) In addition, both streaflow and baseflow had good correlations with snow-cover in spring. Temperature had a significant effect on streamflow and baseflow in spring and autumn, but streamflow and baseflow were more sensitive to precipitation in summer than that in other three seasons. Temperature is a main factor affecting the change of snow-cover in the Kaidu River Basin. Temperature and snow-cover have the maximum influence on streamflow and baseflow in spring and autumn, while precipitation is a main influential factor on streamflow and baseflow in summer. |
| 中文关键词 | MODIS ; 积雪 ; 遥感 ; 积雪制图 ; 天山中段山区 ; 开都河 |
| 英文关键词 | MODIS Snow-cover Remote Sensing Snow Mapping Tianshan Mountains Kaidu River Basin |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287148 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李倩. 基于遥感的天山中段山区积雪制图研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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