Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 洪水漫溢、人工漫溢下塔里木河干流区胡杨种群分布格局研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study the flooding and irrigation on population distribution pattern of Populus euphratica in mainTarim River |
| 孙美琴 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 赵成文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 塔里木河流域胡杨林是我国保存最完整、分布最集中的地区，分布面积2.95 万hm2，在中亚荒漠区占有重要的生态学地位。由于降水稀少，天然胡杨林的形成与发展受控于河道径流；在气候变化、人类活动影响下，胡杨林的种群分布具有高度变异性及其对水文过程的敏感性，人们对荒漠河岸胡杨林生态格局与水文过程相互作用机理认识不足。论文采用野外样方调查、GIS空间分析相结合的方法，研究了塔里木河干流胡杨林种群分布格局及其影响因素，初步探明了洪水漫溢、人工漫溢下塔里木河干流区胡杨种群各龄级分布特征，分析了近10a的NDVI指数变化以及胡杨林生态系统服务价值，为塔里木河生态环境建设提供了科学依据。主要结论如下：\n (1)植物样方调查结果表明：以河道为中心向两岸方向植被盖度逐渐减小，变化幅度在20%-80%之间。上游地段胡杨幼苗较少，芦苇为优势种；中游地段胡杨幼苗约为369株/m2，红柳约为176株/m2；下游地段胡杨幼苗分布稀疏。\n(2) 胡杨种群龄级结构稳定性增强，幼苗储备丰富，种群从Ⅰ、Ⅱ级幼苗发育过程来看，来自种内和种间的竞争加剧，中等龄级的株数偏少。胡杨种群在不同的发育阶段呈现不同的分布格局，在幼苗及幼树、小树阶段表现为均匀分布，中大树阶段为聚集分布，胡杨种群在不同发育阶段空间分布格局的差异与其生理学生态特征和生境有关。\n（3）洪水漫溢下胡杨林面积增加，灌丛大面积减少，呈条带状分布且草甸面积增加。聚集度指数明显降低，多样性指数和均匀度指数增加。近10a的NDVI指数变化表明干流区植被呈明显的增加趋势，但耕地面积也有显著增加趋势。\n(4)生态系统服务功能研究表明，塔河干流生态系统服务总价值整体呈上升趋势。 |
| 英文摘要 | In the Tarim River basin, there has the most intact and most concentrated distribution of Populus euphratica, and the area is 29.5 thousand hectare, which has an important ecology position in central Asia. Due to rainfall is scarce, the formation and development of the natural Populus euphratica forest is controlled by river runoff. Under the effect of climate change and human activities, the Populus euphratica population has high variability and the sensitivity to hydrological process, but people has an inadequate understanding to the interaction mechanism between desert Populus euphratica ecological pattern and hydrological processes. Based on the field investigation and GIS spatial analysis, this paper studied the distribution pattern and influence factors of Populus euphratica population. In order to explore the flooding and irrigation on population distribution pattern of Populus euphratica in mainTarim River. Also we analyzed the nearly 10 years NDVI index and the ecosystems service value of Populus euphratica. The purpose of this thesis was to provide a scientific basis for ecological environment construction of main Tarim River. The main conclusions are as follows:\n(1) Through survey the sample vegetation along the main Tarim River, we found the trend of total vegetation coverage was that watercourse as the center, vegetation coverage reduced gradually on both side, and changed from 20% to 80%. In the up reaches of main Tarim River, there are a few Populus euphratica seedlings, and Phragmites australis was the dominant species. In the middle reach, Populus euphratica seedlings density is bigger, which can reach 443 plants per square meter. Tamarix seedling density is 176 plants per square meter. Populus euphratica seedlings are less in the downstream of main Tarim River.\n(2) The diameter structure of populations is stability and the resources of seeding were rich. In process of seeding growth from seedling to sapling, because of inter-specific and the intra-specific intensifying competition lead to medium size of young trees was fewer. There have different distribution patterns in different development stages. The little and young trees was uniform distribution, but the big tree was clustering distribution. The different distribution was resulted from its ecological characteristics: population density, the interspecific and the intraspecific competition, physiology characteristics and environmental factors.\n(3)The area of Populus euphratica forest increased, while the area of bush wood decreased though vegetation map. At landscape level, Contagion Index(CONTAG) reduced and Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI) increased. In main Tarim River, the trend of vegetation change is obviously increased through NDVI, and the area of farmland presented rising trend.\n(4)The ecosystem services value in main Tarim River changed slightly, the total ecosystem services value increased from 1990 to 2008. |
| 中文关键词 | 塔里木河干流区 ; 胡杨种群 ; 分布格局 ; NDVI ; 土地利用 ; 综合治理 ; 生态系统服务功能 |
| 英文关键词 | Main Tarim River Populus euphratica population distribution pattern NDVI land use comprehensive control project ecosystem service function |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287143 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孙美琴. 洪水漫溢、人工漫溢下塔里木河干流区胡杨种群分布格局研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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