Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 气候变化和人类活动对艾比湖流域生态环境的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on the impact of climate change and human activities on the Ebinur Lake ecological environment |
| 白泽龙 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 包安明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统，是重要的生存环境和自然界极富生物多样性的生态景观之一。干旱区内陆湿地不仅是区域特殊的稀有景观，同时对维护干旱区生态平衡起着不可估量的作用。在干旱区，湿地是生物多样性保护的重要基地和绿洲发展的依托，其类型、分布、成因及演变等均具有鲜明的区域特色，并与地区经济发展密切相关。干旱区湖泊湿地，是干旱区湿地最主要的类型。它不仅是干旱区气候变迁的指示器，而且对内陆河流域生态与环境状况的反应都极为敏感，是干旱区水分循环的重要环节。而湖泊环境的恶化，最直接的影响就是湖泊湿地及湖周其它类型湿地的退化。\n本文以干旱区流域生态系统演化最为典型、人类社会经济发展过程中对生态系统影响最深刻的艾比湖湿地为研究对象，在全球气候系统发生显著变化和人类活动对自然生态环境影响加剧的背景下，综合分析艾比湖流域气象因子、径流因子、土地利用/土地覆被变化和人类活动的基本特征，利用遥感、GIS技术和相关的统计分析方法，研究近年来艾比湖湿地生态系统的演化过程及未来变化趋势，湿地生态系统变化对气候变化和人类活动两方面的响应关系，并分析艾比湖湿地对气候变化与人类活动的敏感性，探讨干旱区内陆河流域尾间湿地生态退化的自然背景（气候变化）、人类活动的驱动方式与影响强度。\n\n（1）从1961-2009年，艾比湖流域气候存在着明显变暖的总趋势。流域降水量呈增多趋势。流域年度和各季节蒸发量均呈现出上升的趋势。近49年来艾比湖流域主要地表径流呈现出增加的趋势，四条主要河流博尔塔拉河、精河、奎屯河和古尔图河年径流量均有不同程度的增加趋势。\n\n\n（2）艾比湖流域1970-2009年这40年间，艾比湖流域土地利用与土地覆被发生了很大的变化。流域林地、草地和湖泊天然生态系统退化，面积变化为减幅；耕地、建设用地人工生态系统面积变化为增幅。利用CLUE-S模型模拟两种不同情景下的土地利用与土地覆被的空间变化，表明未利用地总量主要是在研究区东部绿洲区和西北部绿洲区，转化为了耕地。耕地和草地逐渐形成连片分布，城镇居住交通工矿用地在原有的基础一定规模的扩展。\n\n（3）1960-2009年50年间艾比湖湖泊湿地与河流湿地的面积减少，沼泽湿地和非湿地的面积增加。从艾比湖湿地的空间变化看，艾比湖湿地的空间变化很大一部分是由于位于湖西北部和东南部间歇性干涸湖底的变化造成的，其中以西北部最为明显。\n（4）1950-2009年近60年间，艾比湖湖面面积变化大致呈现出典型的三个阶段：①急剧干缩期：20世纪50年代-70年代末。②相对稳定期：20世纪80年代-21世纪初。③变化反复阶段：21世纪初-至今。\n（5）基于气候变化和人类活动对艾比湖湿地动态变化的影响，提出入湖水量的变化和上游耕地增加是影响湿地变化的主导因素。 |
| 英文摘要 | Wetland is a unique ecosystem which forms the interaction of land and water on Earth and is one of the important ecological landscapes of the survival environment and the natural of biodiversity. Arid inland wetland is not only a regional special rare landscape, but also plays an invaluable role to maintain the ecological balance of the arid areas. In arid areas, wetland is an important base for biodiversity conservation and the backing of the Oasis development; its type, distribution, causes and evolution have the distinct regional characteristics, and with the regional economic development are closely related. Arid lake wetland is the main type of wetland in arid area. It is not only the indicator of the arid area’s climate change, but also is extremely sensitive to the reaction of ecological and environmental conditions in internal inland river basin, and it is an important part of the hydrological cycle in arid area. The most direct impact for the deterioration of the lake environment is the degradation of Lake Wetland and other types of wetlands around the lake. \n\nThe paper selectsEbinur Lake Basinwetlandsas the study area that the watershed ecosystemevolution is the mosttypical and the impactof humansocio-economic developmentprocess ontheecosystem is the most profound in arid areas. In the context of theglobal climatesystem had significant changesand the impact of human activities on the natural environment has exacerbated, we has a comprehensive analysis ofthemeteorological factors ,runofffactor, land use /land cover changesand the basic characteristics of human activities,use remote sensing, GIS technology and relatedstatistical analysismethod, researchEbinur Lakewetlandecosystem evolution in recent yearsand the futuretendency, the relationship betweenthewetland ecosystem changesresponse toclimatechange and human activities, and analyzethesensitivityoftheEbinur Lakewetlandstoclimate change and humanactivities, explorethe naturalbackground(climate change), thedriveofhumanactivitiesand impactstrength of the arid inland basintailwetland ecological degradation. The results showed that:\n\n\n(1) From1961 to 2009, the Ebinur Lake Basin climate there is obviously trend of warming; Basin precipitation showed an increasing trend;The annual and seasonal evaporation showed an upward trend.In the last 49 years, Surface runoff of Ebinur Lake Basinshowedan increasing trend. Therunoffs of four major rivers have different degree of the increasing trend in Ebinur Lake Basin.\n\n\n（2）In the last 40 years(from 1970 to 2009), with the change of the natural environment and the development of social economy, land use and land cover produced very big change in Ebinur Lake Basin. The natural ecosystem of woodlands, grassland and lakes degenerated and the area decreased; the artificial ecosystem of cultivated land and construction land change continued to increase. Use the CLUE-S model to simulate two different scenarios of land use and land cover changes, showed that unused landconverse to cultivated land and it happened mainly in the eastern oasis and the northwest oasis of the study area. Cultivated land and grassland gradually formed a continuous distribution, construction land had a certain scale expansion in the original basis.\n\n(3) From 1960 to 2009, Analyzing four kinds of land use and land cover area change of Ebinur Lake wetland, the area net change of lake wetland and river wetland is negative, the area of marsh wetland and non-wetland increased and non-wetland’s area increased a lot and its change increased considerably. For the space changing of Ebinur Lake wetlands, a large part of the spatial variation of the Ebinur Lake wetland is due to the changes of intermittent dry lakebed which located the northwest and southeast of the Lake, the northwest’s change was most obvious.\n\n(4) The past 60 years (1950-2009), the lake area changes of Ebinur Lake generally showed the typical three stages: ①Sharp shrinkage period: the 1950s to the end of 1970s. ② Relatively stable period: the 1980s to the beginning of the 21th Century. ③ Change repeatedly stages: the beginning of the 21th Century to today. \n(5)the change of Ebinur Lake wetland area is mainly affected by precipitation (especially in spring and winter precipitation).the changes of Ebinur Lake wetland area in the socio-economic aspects is mainly determined by cultivated land area and crop planting area, especially the changes of cultivated land area had greatest influence. |
| 中文关键词 | 气候变化 ; 人类活动 ; 艾比湖流域 ; 土地利用与土地覆被变化 ; 湿地动态变化 |
| 英文关键词 | Climate change Human activities Ebinur Lake Basin Land use and |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287137 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 白泽龙. 气候变化和人类活动对艾比湖流域生态环境的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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