Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 塔里木河下游胡杨叶片水分和叶绿素含量生理特性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study of Leaf Water Content and Chlorophyll Physiological Characteristics of Populus Euphratica Oliv. in the lower reaches of Tarim River |
| 牛婷 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 艾里西尔.库尔班 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 塔里木河下游胡杨林在维持干旱区生态系统平衡、改善当地小气候、保存荒漠生物多样性方面发挥着非常重要的生态作用。在水资源短缺和人类活动双重影响下，荒漠河岸胡杨林的面积出现了急剧减少。为挽救沿岸植被，抑制沙漠化，2000年经国家批准，塔里木河流域管理局实施大西海子水库向塔里木河下游输送生态用水的应急方案，至2011年，已完成了12次生态应急输水。目前，亟需通过研究胡杨林的生长状况，评价应急输水的生态效应。含水量和叶绿素含量是指示植物健康状况的重要指标，同时叶面积指数(leaf area index，LAI)是表征林分生长状况和健康状况的一个重要指标，LAI与林分光合作用、蒸腾作用、生产力等密切相关，而目前针对胡杨的含水量、叶绿素含量和叶面积指数与其水分环境、生态指标的关系，以及与距河岸距离的时空关系的地面试验及其在遥感监测中的适用性研究较少。\n基于以上背景，在塔里木河下游阿拉干样区，距河道不同距离选取40棵胡杨树（Populus euphratica），采集胡杨叶片测量含水量、叶绿素含量，测量胡杨LAI指标，采用统计分析、空间分析的方法，归纳胡杨叶片相对含水量(fuel moisture content，FMC)、等效水厚度(equivalent water thickness，EWT)、叶绿素含量、冠层水分含量(EWT_canopy)和LAI随距河道距离的变化特点；并从胡杨单片叶片和胡杨个体平均两种尺度上，分析生理指标间的相关性，研究得出适合遥感反演监测研究的生理指标；最后基于偏最小二乘分析方法，分析了表征胡杨树生长状况的生态指标与叶子含水量和绿素含量等整理指标间的相互关系。主要得到如下结论：\n(1) 设计一系列实验，通过统计分析方法得出：千分之一精度的天平即可满足单片胡杨叶片称重需要；在野外时，冰袋对叶片的保鲜至少可达到24个小时；采集胡杨叶片含水量数据时，需要对样树分3层采样，每层需采集15片叶子；使用SPAD-502测量胡杨叶片叶绿素含量，每棵树测量5片即可。\n(2) 经相关分析发现，FMC、EWT、叶绿素含量与河道距离有极显著的负相关关系(P <0.01)，EWT_canopy与距河道距离负相关关系显著(P <0.05)。距河道越远，4项指标均随距河道距离的增加显著的减少，其中EWT与距河道距离的相关性最大(-0.577)。而LAI与距河道距离相关性不显著。温度变化对FMC和EWT均有极显著的影响(P <0.01)，但对叶绿素含量影响不大(P >0.05)。\n(3) 因FMC、EWT的物理含义不同，它们的平均值在胡杨树个体尺度/水平上极显著相关，但是在单片叶子尺度上FMC和EWT之间无显著相关性(P>0.05)，而胡杨树个体平均与单片叶子的EWT与叶绿素含量均极显著相关(P<0.01)。由于EWT与距河道距离和叶绿素含量的相关性极显著，因此，具有很好的开发应用潜力，建议将EWT作为干旱区河岸生态系统植被含水量遥感监测的一个指标来开展应用研究。同时，叶绿素含量以其对温度变化的不敏感性、日变化小、快速无损观测、与EWT良好的相关关系(0.594)等优点，在精度满足要求的前提下，可将叶绿素含量作为大面积观测的水分含量的替代指标。\n(4) 基于偏最小二乘分析方法发现，距河道距离对生理指标大小的决定作用最大。在胡杨的长势指标中，胸径越大的情况下，胡杨叶片FMC、胡杨树LAI越大；枝下高越低，FMC、EWT_canopy越大；同时当胡杨长势越好时，胡杨叶片叶绿素含量越高，叶面积指数也越大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Populus euphratica Oliv. has multiple ecological functions such as maintaining the balance of ecological system in arid area, climate regulation, biological diversity conservation etc. The rising water consumption in the upper and middle reaches and over-exploitation had led to the widespread destruction of natural ecosystems. In order to save vegetation and restrict desertification, an ecological water transfusion project that piped water from Daxihaizi Reservoir to the lower reaches of Tarim River was implemented from 2000. Water content and chlorophyll content of vegetation leaves can presents the health condition of plant. And leaf area index which has close relation with forest stand photosynthesis, transpiration and productivity should be signs of trees growth and health. However, there is still a lack of full understanding of how did the water content, chlorophyll content and leaf area index varied by distance to the river. and ecological parameters, and which index should be used as a vegetation water index for remote sensing based monitoring.\nThis paper examines the changes in leaf physiological traits and LAI with distances of Populus euphratica to the Tarim river channel at the Arghan monitoring section located in the lower reaches during August 2011. We mainly measured water content, chlorophyll content and LAI of 40 sample trees. Then the correlation between physiological traits at individual tree level and single leaf level was analyzed, and the suggestion of which physiological index possibly be used for remote sensing based monitoring should be drawn. At last, based on the partial least squares regression method, the relation between physiological and ecological parameters was concluded. The major conclusions are listed as follow:\n(1) With a series of experiments, we gave advices about taking sample of leaves as bellow: an electronic balance of per thousand precision can be satisfied to measured per leaf weight; the ice bag can retain water for at least 48 hours; three layers should be divided of; one tree and 15 leaves should be take of one layer for sampling water content, and we need take 5 leaves of one tree as sampling chlorophyll content by using SPAD-502.\n(2) Highly significant (P <0.01) negative correlations were found between the distances from the river channel and fuel moisture content (FMC), equivalent water thickness (EWT), and chlorophyll: All three variables decreased significantly with distance away from the river channel. There is high significant (P <0.05) correlations between EWT_canopy and the distances from the river channel. But the relation between LAI and the distances from the river channel is not obvious. The correlation coefficients among FMC, EWT and surface temperature were also highly significant (P <0.01), although surface temperature had a weak influence on chlorophyll (P >0.05).\n(3) Due to the differences in physical interpretation of FMC and EWT, the relationship between these two variables was different at tree level average and single leaf level water content. Finally, there is a strong and significant (P<0.01) correlation between EWT and chlorophyll both at individual tree level and single leaf level. The results suggest that EWT can be used as a vegetation water index for remote sensing based monitoring due to its high correlation with chlorophyll and the distances of trees from the river channel in arid riparian ecosystems.\nBased on the partial least squares regression method, we have concluded that the distances from the river channel play a decisive role with physiological indices. The value of FMC and LAI will be bigger with lager diameter at breast height, and the lower of the crown height, the value of FMC and EWT_canopy will be larger, the same time, we will get larger chlorophyll and LAI when better vitality. |
| 中文关键词 | FMC ; EWT ; LAI ; 叶绿素含量 ; 胡杨 ; 塔里木河下游 |
| 英文关键词 | Fuel moisture content equivalent water thickness leaf area index chlorophyll Populus euphratica the lower reaches of Tarim River. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287133 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 牛婷. 塔里木河下游胡杨叶片水分和叶绿素含量生理特性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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