Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 艾比湖湿地-荒漠土壤理化性状空间变化 | |
| 其他题名 | Soil physical and chemical properties of wetland to desert in the Aibi Lake region |
| 常轶深 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 钱亦兵 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文基于艾比湖地区南、北两条样带的野外地形地貌、水文、土壤及植被调查，土壤样品采集和实验室土壤样品测定，运用相关统计学软件对研究区土壤理化性状的空间分布特征及变化规律进行了全面系统的分析。研究结果可为该地区深入进行相关研究积累科学数据和资料，也为当地政府制定生态恢复与重建方案提供参考以及为该地区生态环境可持续发展提供一定的科学依据。\n本文形成主要结论如下：\n（1）艾比湖地区土壤分选性差，偏度多为正偏，峰态多为窄峰态。表明存在多种物源或多种沉积作用，但水力作用最为突出。北样带土壤粒度分维值总体高于南样带，说明北样带物质比南样带更细，分选性更差，物源和迁移动力更加复杂。\n（2）北样带中的荒漠带土壤粒度概率累计曲线表现为滚动+跳跃+悬移组合，老河道为跳、悬加过渡式，北样带湖滨湿地土壤粒度概率累计曲线没有一致的形态；南样带湖滨湿地土壤粒度概率累计曲线为滚+跳+悬式组合，老河道为跳、悬加过渡式，冲洪积平原为两跳一悬加过渡式，山前洪积扇为宽缓上拱式。这种富含跳跃和悬移成分的粒度特征可能是静水低能环境或风力作用下的产物。\n（3）北样带环境敏感粒度组分峰值较多，且不集中。南样带对环境敏感的粒度组分多在60μm附近出现峰值，反映该样带土壤含有一定量的风成沙，但该地区风积和风蚀共存。艾比湖土壤沉积物以沙丘沙和河沙为主，沉积环境以风成环境和河流环境为主。\n（4）北样带土壤含水率主要受地下水和地形再分配作用影响。植被对应的土壤含水率大小为隐域盐化草甸＞古河岸植被＞荒漠植被。南样带土壤含水量变化为湖滨湿地﹥湖岸阶地﹥山前洪积扇﹥山前平原﹥荒漠。从土壤类型来看，其含水量变化为泥炭沼泽土﹥盐化草甸土﹥林灌草甸土﹥灰棕漠土。\n（5）北样带土壤有机质平均含量为1.71%，属中上水平，南样带土壤有机质含量低，平均为0.75%，北样带土壤有机质含量总体高于南样带。较高的样地有9块，其中8块在北样带。含量较低的有16块，大部分在南样带，只有3块在北样带。这是因为北样带植被盖度较南样带大，积累有机质较多。\n（6）北样带土壤全盐从北到南基本呈上升趋势，平均值为53.57mg/g。表层全盐含量平均是次表层的3.87倍，最大者可达18倍，盐分表聚现象明显。南样带全盐含量平均为12.60mg/g，从山前洪积扇到湖滨，全盐含量基本呈上升趋势，符合盐分的迁移规律。艾比湖地区土壤盐渍化类型多为SO42-—Cl-型。\n（7）艾比湖地区土壤碱化现象明显，北样带pH平均值在7.56~9.61，南样带为7.42~8.92，北样带总体比南样带碱化明显。HCO3-和CO32-在各土壤样品中的普遍存在，这是引起本区pH普遍较高的主要原因。 |
| 英文摘要 | The spatial distribution characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties and their spatial change were systematically analyzed by SPSS 16.0 and Origin 7.5 based on the filed investigation in the northern and southern transections of Aibi Lake region. Research results accumulated scientific data and information for the region in-depth study, provided a reference for the local government formulating ecological restoration and reconstruction programs, and supply some scientific basis for ecological environment sustainable development .\nThe conclusions could be drawn as following:\n (1) The sorting of grain size of soils is poor, and the skewness and kurtosis of soils were dominated mainly by the positive and leptokurtic distribution, respectively. Those results of the study area suggested that the soil was rich in sources and deposition and significantly affected by fluviation. The fractal values of soils in the northern transection were higher than that of southern transection, which indicates that sediment materials in the northern transection were finer in grain-sizes, poorer in sorting features and more complex in material sources and transport force than that of southern transaction. \n(2) The soil size probability cumulative curves of desert area and old river channel in the northern transection were a combination of creeping, saltation and suspension curves and transition of saltation and suspension curves, respectively. And there were no consistent shape for soil size probability cumulative curves of wetland soils in the northern transection. While they were a combination of creeping, saltation and suspension curves and transition of saltation and suspension curves in wetland and old river channel in southern transaction. Alluvial plain was a transition of two-saltation and suspension curves; foreland pluvial fan was wide up-warp curves. The size properties of saltation and suspension like curves likely result from static water under a low-energy environment or wind action.\n (3) There were many un-focused peaks in the grain size probability cumulative curves of soils which was sensitive to environments in the northern transection. Peak reflecting grain-size components sensitive to environments was mainly at the position of around 60 μm in the southern transection. It indicates that there is certain amount of aerolian sand and both eolian deposit and aeolation play a role in soil formation in the southern transaction. Sediments in Aibi Lake were dominated by dune sand and river sand, reflecting that wind and rive were the main factors in soil formation in Aibi Lake. \n (4) The soil water content was largely affected by groundwater and redistribution of terrain in the northern transection. The soil water content associated with vegetation in northern transaction decreased in the order of azonal domain salinization meadow, vegetation in old river course, and desert vegetation. While soil water content in the southern transection decreased in the order of river wetlands, river terraces, pediment pluvial fan, pediment plain, and desert. In term of soil type, soil water content decreased in the order of marsh soil, salined meadow soil, shrubby meadow soil, and grey-brown desert soil.\n(5) The average contents of soil organic matter were 1.71% and 0.75% in the northern and southern transections, respectively. Overall, organic matter content in the northern transection was higher than that of southern transection. There were 9 sample areas rich in organic matter in two transections, among which 8 lied in north. While there were only 3 sample areas with poor organic matter contents in the northern transection and 13 aeras in southern ones. This phenomenon may be related to vegetation coverage of these two transections. The vegetation coverage in north was higher than that of south and there was more organic matter in north than south.\n(6) Total salt content increased from north to south in the northern transection, with an average of 53.57 mg/g. And the average salt content in topsoil was 3.87 times of that in sub-top soil, with a maximum of 18 times. Salt accumulation in top soil has been an obvious phenomenon. While the total salt content increased from pediment pluvial fan to river banks in the southern transection, with an average of 12.60 mg/g. There is an increasing trend for total salt content in the northern transection, which agrees with the rule of salt transport. The type of soil salinization in Aibi Lake region is dominated by SO42-—Cl-.\n (7) Soil alkalization in Aibi Lake region is obvious. The average values of pH were 7.56~9.61 and 7.42~8.92 in the northern and southern transections, respectively. Overall, the degree of soil alkalization in the northern transection is severer than that of southern transection. Both HCO3- and CO32- are ubiquitous in all soil samples, which are attributed mainly to the high pH values in the study area. |
| 中文关键词 | 艾比湖 ; 土壤 ; 变化 |
| 英文关键词 | Aibi Lake soil variation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境科学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287131 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 常轶深. 艾比湖湿地-荒漠土壤理化性状空间变化[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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