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| 荒漠河岸林植物SPAC界面水分输移及蒸腾耗水量研究——以胡杨为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Desert riparian forest plant SPAC moisture transport and transpiration water consumption research：In case of Populus euphratica Olive |
| 马建新 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 陈亚宁 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以荒漠河岸林主要建群种胡杨为研究对象，从植物水分传输过程出发，以根系吸水、树干液流和叶面蒸腾这一连贯的过程为主线，研究了植物水分输移过程、运移规律及水分耗散机理；结合地下水监测，探讨了浅层地下水动态与植物蒸腾之间的耦合关系，并以植物液流参数为依据确定了维系胡杨生存的适宜水位；通过胡杨树干边材和胸径关系的研究，建立了基于树干液流的林分尺度耗水模型，对整个林分耗水量进行了推算。主要研究结果如下：\n（1） 塔里木河中下游胡杨林下土壤0~140cm土层垂直分异特征有利于土壤水分的保持，细根的垂向分布集中于60~120cm土层，水平方向分布面积很广，距离树干550cm仍没有呈现减少趋势；胡杨根系液流的负向流动及其幼苗控制实验结果说明了胡杨根系存在提水作用，提水发生在夜间，主要影响到60~100cm土层与细根集中层一致。胡杨幼苗与成株侧根的脆弱性曲线显示，成株侧根具有更好的抗栓塞能力。\n（2） 胡杨茎干液流具有明显的昼夜节律，在夜间同样能保持有一定的液流通量，液流启动的时间略迟于日出，并受到天气状况或水分条件的影响而产生波动。6~10月的单株耗水量以7月最大，10月最小。胡杨形态和结构上的差异是造成液流空间变异的原因。胡杨夜间液流主要用于补充白天蒸腾造成的水分亏缺，其茎干储水量约占日蒸腾量的18.5%。\n（3） 胡杨叶气界面的水分散失以受到气孔控制为表象，其实质是植物水分状况改变下的气孔调节行为，引起气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率的相应变化。在塔里木河中下游地区，地下水埋深影响着胡杨的气孔导度。\n（4） 胡杨茎干液流通量与各气象因子之间均显著相关，并随气象因子的变化表现出不同趋势。趋势分析表明，胡杨在净辐射量达到350W/m2、气温叶温达到40℃、风速达到10m/s、空气相对湿度50%、饱和水汽压差6kPa后，胡杨液流通量随着这些变量的增大而呈现减小趋势或变化趋缓。表现出胡杨蒸腾对这些变量响应的阈值。\n（5） 水盐胁迫下的胡杨叶片脯氨酸累积体现了植物适应干旱的渗透调作用。在这种作用下胡杨叶片气孔导度也随胁迫程度做出反应，表现为胁迫越重气孔导度越低，最终导致胡杨液流通量也随胁迫程度和胁迫时间逐渐降低。综合分析5g/L盐分处理不对胡杨构成胁迫；10g/L盐分处理可造成轻度胁迫；20g/L盐处理可造成重度胁迫，与0灌溉的胡杨状态相当。但受干旱胁迫的胡杨复水后能够很快恢复到胁迫前水平，说明了渗透调节的可逆性。\n（6） 胡杨茎干液流通量密度与地下水埋深显著相关，P=0.887；植物调查显示胡杨在地下水埋深4~6m区段下的密度、盖度、频度最大；胡杨液流通量密度在地下水埋深大于4.41m后变幅趋缓。综合分析认为，适宜胡杨生长的地下水埋深为4.5m。\n胡杨胸径与边材面积显著相关，P=0.959。以胡杨胸径为纯量，结合胡杨茎级分布调查和胡杨液流通量密度，建立单株到林分尺度耗水的转换模型。与涡度相关实测值以及参考蒸散量比较，通过林分尺度模型计算所得耗水量偏低，分别约是前两种方法的的79%和94.4%。计算的出胡杨6~10月的林分蒸腾耗水量为382.4mm。同时根据塔里木河中下游的胡杨茎级调查数据，以4~6m区段胡杨的种群指标为参照，计算塔河中下游胡杨生长季总耗水量为1.17x108m3。 |
| 英文摘要 | 学位论文英文摘要\n \n \n \n \n \n This paper taking desert riparian forest of main constructive species of Populus euphratica Olive Olive as research object，From plants process of water transport, The root absorb water, trunk sap flow and leaf transpiration the coherent process as the main line, study the plant moisture transport process, migration rule and moisture dissipation mechanism; Combined with the groundwater monitoring, this paper discusses the coupling relationship between the dynamic of shallow groundwater and transpiration, and combined with the sap flow parameters, determine the appropriate underground water level for sustain p.euphratica Olive survival. Through the research of p.euphratica Olive trunk and sapwood DBH relationship, based on trunk of sap flow Established stand scale water consume model, calculate the whole forest of water consumption. The main research results are as follows:\n (1)For the middle and lower reaches the tarim river desert riparian forest, 0 ~ 140cm soil characteristics of vertical differentiation benefit to keep the soil moisture. The p.euphratica Olive fine root vertical distribution concentrated 60 ~ 120 cm soil horizon. Fine root horizontal direction distribution area is very wide, to be apart trunks of 550 cm is still not present decreasing trend. The reverse flow of root sap flow and seedling control experiment result shows that the root of p.euphratica Olive with hydraulic ascending function, hydraulic ascension to occur in the night, it main influence to 60 ~ 100 cm soil layer and accord with fine root concentration distribution layer. The vulnerability curves of lateral root show that adult p. euphratica Olive lateral roots has better ability of anti embolism.\n (2)P. euphratica Olive stem sap flow has obvious circadian rhythms and can also maintain a certain sap flow flux. Sap flow start time slightly later than the sunrise, and affected by weather conditions or moisture. Individual plant water consumption, in 6 ~ 10 months, July is the largest, October the smallest. P. euphratica Olive morphological and structural differences are the main reason of sap flow spatial variability. P.euphratica Olive night sap flow mainly used to supplement the water deficit caused by daytime transpiration. P.euphratica Olive stem water storage about the daily transpiration of 18.5%.\n (3) P.euphratica Olive leaf air interface of water loss by stomatal control idea, which is the essence of plant water status under changes of stomatal regulation behavior, cause stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency change. In the lower reaches of Tarim River, groundwater depth affects the stomatal conductance of P.euphratica.\n (4) Poplar stem sap flow and the meteorological factors were significantly correlated, and with the change of meteorological factors showed a different trend. Trend analysis shows, P.euphratica Olive in net radiation at 350W / m2, temperature and leaf temperature reached 40 ℃, wind speed is up to 10m / s, the relative humidity of the air 50%, saturated vapor pressure deficit 6kPa, with these variables increased P. euphratica sap flow flux decreased or changes slowly, reflecting the response threshold value of P. euphratica Olive tanspiration on these variables. \n (5)Under drought and salt stresses, P. euphratica Olive leaf proline accumulation is the embodiment of osmotic adjust. Through the osmotic regulation, poplar leaf stomatal conductance with stress level reaction, stress is heavier stomatal conductance is lower, eventually lead to p. euphratica Olive sap flow flux also along with stress level and stress time gradually reduced. Comprehensive analysis think 5 g/L salt treatment can not cause stress of p. euphratica Olive; 10 g/L salt treatment can cause mild stress; 20 g/L salt treatment just like can cause severe stress to p. euphratica Olive. The drought stress p. euphratica Olive rehydration can recover soon to stress level before, and show the reversible osmotic adjustment.\n (6) P. euphratica Olive stem sap flow flux density and groundwater depth significant correlation, P = 0.887; Plant investigation shows, p. euphratica Olive in groundwater depth 4 ~ 6 m segment of the density and coverage, and the frequency is the largest P. euphratica Olive sap flow flux density in groundwater depth after more than 4.41 m amplitude of variation slowing. Comprehensive analysis, it is suitable for the growth of p. euphratica Olive groundwater buried deeply 4.5 m. \n (7) P. euphratica Olive diameter at breast height and the sapwood area significantly related, P = 0.959. P. euphratica Olive diameter at breast height for variables, combine with P. euphratica Olive stem level distribution and sap flow flux density, calculating stand scale water consumption model. The calculate value by water consumption model is 79% eddy covariance approaches, 94.4% of reference evapotranspiration. P. euphratica Olive stand 6 ~ 10 months of water consumption is 382.4 mm when 4 ~ 6 m section of p. euphratica Olive populations index as the reference, in middle and lower reaches of Tarim River, the growing season p. euphratica Olive stand water consumption is 1.17 x108m3. |
| 中文关键词 | 荒漠河岸林 ; 胡杨 ; 水分传输 ; 林分耗水 ; 尺度推移 |
| 英文关键词 | Desert riparian forest P. euphratica water transfer stand water consumption Scale conversion |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287128 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马建新. 荒漠河岸林植物SPAC界面水分输移及蒸腾耗水量研究——以胡杨为例[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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