Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 艾比湖湿地—荒漠植被分布特征 | |
| 其他题名 | Vegetations of wetland-desert in Lake Aibi |
| 马玉娥 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 钱亦兵 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文通过样方调查法对艾比湖南北典型断面区域植被进行调查、观测和系统取样，计算分析样地内植被的物种多样性指数，并运用物种指示值法对艾比湖南北断面植被分布特征进行分析。以期为该地区植物资源的有效管理、合理利用及植被恢复提供理论依据。主要结果如下：\n（1）研究区内36个样地中共统计到植物46种。其中，南部区域共统计到植物34种，北部30种，分属12科30属，大多数科仅有1-3个属。藜科植物最多，共有13属，占总属数的43%；蒺藜科、禾本科植物次之，各有3属；柽柳科、豆科分别有两属；其余7科为单属科。\n（2）研究区内荒漠植被主要由各种超旱生、旱生的灌木、半灌木、小半灌木组成，建群植物主要为藜科、蒺藜科、豆科等，区内植物区系以温带成分为主，其中地中海-西亚至中亚类型分布最为普遍，植被类型以多年生草本荒漠、灌木荒漠为主，此外还分布着一些亚洲中部类型的灌木、半灌木荒漠，生活型以一年生占优势。\n（3）湖滨湿地内植物群落结构简单，优势度高，多为耐盐植物构成的单优势种群落。远离湖泊，土壤含盐量降低，植物群落内物种较丰富，均匀度大幅度提高，波动性强。对比南北断面植物生长状况发现，南断面内物种多样性水平明显优于北断面，南断面一些植物的长势也好于北断面。\n（4）IndVal值法分析结果显示，北断面共有7种植物能够作为指示物种：大果白刺、骆驼刺是荒漠带的指示物种；盐穗木、黑果枸杞、多枝柽柳、骆驼蹄瓣、铃铛刺是老河道的指示物种，湖北断面的湖滨湿地内无指示物种。南断面共有13种植物可以作为指示物种：碱蓬、盐角草、盐节木是湖滨湿地内的指示物种；大果白刺、多枝柽柳、骆驼刺、胡杨、盐穗木是干涸河道内的指示物种；叉毛蓬、琵琶柴、紫翅猪毛菜是戈壁的指示物种；高枝假木贼、木本猪毛菜是山口冲积扇内的指示物种。通过物种指示值的计算，南北断面内的植物物种指示值能够定量说明植物对环境的适应，以及环境变化对植物的影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | 学位论文英文摘要（中文摘要的直译）\n \n \n \n \n \n This paper used sampling method to survey, observe and take systemical samples of the vegetation in the north and south transect of Aibi Lake areas. Based on this, we calculated the indices of species diversity, and analyzed the characteristic of vegetation distribution by indicator values. This paper can offer theoretical basis for managing vegetation resources effectively, utilizing vegetation resources rationally and recovering vegetation restoration. The conclusions are follows:\n (1) Forty six kinds of plants are counted in the 36 samples of the research area, there are 34 species grow in the south area, 30 species in the north area, all of these plants separate to 12 families and 30 genera, most of these families include about one to three genera. Chenopodiaceae has the most number of genera, the number is 13, and accounting for 43% of the total genera in the research area. The genera number of Zygophyllaceae and Philydraceae take the second place, each of the number is 3. Tamaricaceae and Papilionaceae have 2 genera, the last seven families each have 1 genus. \n (2) The desert vegetation is comprised of shrub, subshrup and little subshrup with the characteristics of good drought-resistance and salt-tolerance. Most of the dominant species belong to Chenopodiaceae, Zygophyllaceae and Papilionaceae. The plant flora of the study area is mainly consisted of temperate element. The dominant type of the temperate element is west Asia and central Asia element of Mediterranean element. The vegetation types in the research area are mainly comprised of perennial herb desert and shrub desert. About that, some shrub and subshrup desert of central Asia element also distribute in the research area. In the composition of plant life-forms, the annual has the dominant status.\n (3) The structure of plant community in the lake wetland is simple, and the dominance index is high, most of the plant communities are constituted by salt-tolerant plants, and have one kind of dominant species only. Far from the lakeside, degree of homogeneity increases with the decrease of soil salt content, but the volatility is large. Species in these communities are abundant. Compare the growth of plant between the south and north transect, the vegetation composition in the south transect is different from that in north transect. The species diversity of plant communities and the state of plant growth in the south transect are better than that in the north transect. \n (4) The result of indval method show that, there are seven kinds of plants can be indictor specie of the north transect: Nitraria roborowskii and Alhagi sparsifolia are the indictor species of the desert zone, Halostachys caspica, Lycium ruthenicum, Tamarix ramosissma, Zygophyllum fabago and Halimodendron halodendron are the indictor species of old riverway, there are no indictor species in the lake wetland. There are 13 kinds of plants can be indictor species of the north transect: Suaeda corniculata, Salicornia europaea, Halocnermumstrobilaceum are the species in the lake wetland. Nitraria roborowskii, Tamarix ramosissma, Alhagi sparsifolia, Populus euphratica, Halostachys caspica are the indictor species of wadi. Petrosimonia sibirica, Reaumuria soongonica, Salsola affinis are the indictor species of the Gobi Desert. Anabasis elatior, Salsola arbuscula are the indictor species of mountain pass alluvial fan. Through the calculation of indval, the indictor value can explain adaptation of plants to environment in quantitative ways, the value can also explain how the changes of the environment influence on the plants. |
| 中文关键词 | 艾比湖 ; 植物区系 ; 植物多样性 ; 物种指示值 |
| 英文关键词 | Lake Aibi plant flora species diversity indictor value |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境科学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287124 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马玉娥. 艾比湖湿地—荒漠植被分布特征[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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