Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黑河中游农业土地利用变化对农户用水效率及其收入的影响-----以民乐县和临泽县为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of Agricultural Land Use Change on Household’s Water Use Efficiency and Incomes in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River |
| 刘七军 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 李锋瑞 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 黑河中游地处我国西北内陆干旱区,耕地是该地区最主要土地利用方式。农业是最大用水户，但用水效率不高。同时，“三农”问题的严峻性在该地区表现尤为突出。针对这一问题，本研究拟开展以下四方面的内容研究。\n 第一，水资源对农业发展的约束现状。从农业用水供需平衡、水资源对农业发展增长阻力和农业生态经济协调度进行了研究。结果表明：民乐县和临泽县农业用水供需矛盾突出，农业需水处于亏缺状态。民乐县和临泽县水资源对农业“增长阻力”测算表明，因水资源要素限制，民乐县和临泽县农业总产值平均每年的增速要比上年降低0.9979个百分点和0.6228个百分点。农业生态经济系统协调度评价显示，民乐县和临泽县整体区域农业生态经济系统都处于严重失调状态。\n 第二，对农户生产技术效率与灌溉用水效率测度。结果表明：农户生产技术效率远高于其灌溉用水效率。农户生产低效主要是由生产技术非效率因素引起的.同时，农户经营规模与农户生产技术效率呈现出“倒U型”，而且，农户用水效率与其经营规模亦有一定的同向变动趋势。\n 第三，不同农业土地利用方式对农户收入的影响。从耕地细碎化与农户土地利用方式差异两方面对此进行分析。耕地细碎化对作物产出的影响表明，耕地细碎化降低了作物产量和规模经济效应，但对中等经营规模农户的作物产出却具有正效应。耕地细碎化对农户收入的研究表明，耕地细碎化对农户收入具有正效应，但对不同经营规模农户收入的影响差异性明显。\n农户土地利用方式差异对其收入的影响表明，民乐县和临泽县农业经济高度依赖种植业。同时，对民乐县农户人均纯收入影响较为明显的依次为：板蓝根、胡麻、土豆、大蒜、苜蓿、油菜、制种玉米和大麦；对临泽县农户收入影响较大的作物依次为：甜叶菊、苜蓿、制种玉米、其他制种、番茄和大田玉米。\n 第四，农户土地利用行为分析。分析表明，农户土地利用行为受政府、市场、农户自身以及自然因素等综合影响。自然因素对贫困型农户影响较为显著；市场因素对温饱型农户影响较大；从事农业的小康型农户的土地利用行为主要受自然因素影响。非农小康型农户的土地利用行为主要受市场因素和自身因素的影响。\n 基于上述研究内容，对全文进行了简要总结，并提出了基于农户高效用水和增加其收入的几点政策建议，最后对尚需进一步深入研究的内容进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要 | The middle reaches of Heihe River is located in the arid inland zones of northwest China, in this region, the cultivated land is the uppermost land use of this region. Doubtlessly, agriculture is the largest single user in this region, the farmers’ low water utilization efficiency and severe water waste is occurring commonly, though. Also, the seriousness of issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers in this region is particularly acute. In view of this, this research, based on the existed literature, has Minle county and Linze county in the middle basin of Heihe River as a typical study area, an empirical study on the impacts of agricultural land use change upon farmers’ water use efficiency (WUE) and their income is conducted. Research contents of this paper mainly include the following four aspects: \n The first part studies the status of water restraint to agriculture development from three aspects: surplus and deficiency of agricultural water use, the growth drag of water to agriculture as well as the harmony coefficient of agricultural ecological economy. The results show that: (1) The conflict of agricultural water use with supply and demand in Minle county and Linze county is becoming more and more sharp, the agricultural water demand is in the state of deficit. (2) The result aslo indicates that the growth rates of total agricultural outputvalue registered an average annual increase for Minle county and Linze county will be lower than the previous year 0.9979 and 0.6228 per hundred points respectively, because of water restraint. (3) The calculation to harmony coefficient of agricultural ecological economy further shows that the whole regional agricultural ecological economy system also both in serious imbalance. \n In the second part, farmers’ production technical efficiency and their irrigating WUE are explored. The results reveal that farmers’ production technical efficiency is significantly higher than their irrigating WUE. The farmers’ production inefficiency is mainly caused by the technical inefficiency in production. We also find that the tendency of an inverted U curve between farm household’s management scale and their production technical efficiency. Moreover, the co-rotating tendency of farmers’ irrigating WUE and their management scale is preliminarily searched out. \nThe third part analyzes the influences of different land use on household’s income, which is expounded from two aspects of land fragmentation and difference of farmer’s land use. For one thing, the impact of land fragmentation on crop output has a negative effect. But which has a positive effect on crop output for moderate scale farmers. For another thing, the difference of farmer land use also has a significant effect on their income. The results mean that the agricultural economy both highly depends on planting industry in Minle county and Linze county. Among the planting industry of Minle county, the isatis root, linseed, potato, garlic, alfalfa, rape, corn seed and barley have a significant effect on the average net income of farmer. And in Linze county, the crops such as stevia, alfalfa, corn seed, other seed production, tomato as well as corn field have a remarkable effect on the average net income of farmer.\n The fourth part examines the behavior on farm household’s land use. The results show that the behavior on farm household’s land use is enormously influenced by such factors as government, market, rural households' characteristics and natural endowment. The analysis on different types of farm households’ behavior on land use further indicates that, as far as the poverty type farmers, their behavior on land use is mainly influenced by the natural factors like arable land size and the number of patches, etc. As to the type farmers “having sufficient food and clothing”, their behavior on land use is primarily influenced by market factor such as the price. In the case of well-off living type farmers, if they are mainly occupied with agriculture, they will increase the defensive investment in land, and enlarge the planting scale, then their behavior on land use is influenced by natural factors. Inversely, if they have a less dependence on agriculture, they will make the investment focus on non-agricultural fields, and only have agriculture as the final barrier of resisting risk, in this case, their behavior on land use is impacted by market factor and self-factors such as age, education, and so on.\n Based on the above research results, the policy based on farmers’ efficient water use and increasing their income is then put forward, and a prospect on the further research of this aspect is also addressed. |
| 中文关键词 | 黑河中游 ; 土地利用变化 ; 用水效率 ; 农户收入 ; 农户行为 ; 民乐县 ; 临泽县 |
| 英文关键词 | The middle reaches of Heihe River land use change water use efficiency household’s behavior incomes Minle County Linze County |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287101 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘七军. 黑河中游农业土地利用变化对农户用水效率及其收入的影响-----以民乐县和临泽县为例[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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