Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| GRACE重力卫星反演黑河流域地下水变化 | |
| 其他题名 | Estimating groundwater storage changes in the Heihe River basin using GRACE |
| 曹艳萍 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 杨兆萍 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 地下水是自然界中存在的重要的水体，是农业灌溉、城市生活用水、工业发展等重要的水源，与人类生活及社会经济发展息息相关。西北干旱区地处内陆地区，远离海洋，伴随青藏高原的隆升，大陆性季风气候形成，干旱少雨。该区域降水量少，蒸发量大，地表水资源有限，为满足当地的社稷民生，地下水成为该地区主要供水来源。随着人类社会发展，人民生活水平提高，对地下水需求量也越来越大，目前已经出现地下水资源量被超采利用和不合理开发利用的现象，水资源短缺问题亟待解决。黑河流域是西北干旱区典型内陆河流域，整个流域水资源量有限，时空分布不均，上中下游用水矛盾突出，地下水是该流域重要用水来源。合理开发利用地下水资源，首先需要清楚了解地下水动态与平衡。地下水动态受自然因素和人为因素共同制约，复杂多变的自然地理条件，加之黑河流域地势起伏复杂，使得其地下水动态难以把握。目前多通过钻孔打井来实际调查地下水动态情况。由于地形复杂多变和其它客观条件限制，整个黑河流域地下水监测井网稀疏，分布不均，长时序监测地下水变化，耗时耗力。并且单点实测地下水动态资料信息只能反映单点的地下水变化情况，通过有限且分布不均的井网资料难以精确反映流域尺度上地下水资源量的时空变化。\nGRACE重力卫星的诞生为监测流域尺度地下水变化，提供了一种方便切实有效的方法。结合流域气象资料进行特征分析，然后对比分析不同产品数据结果，最后结合辅助水文数据，根据水量平衡方程推估得到流域地下水时空动态变化。\n本文主要研究成果包括：考虑流域函数，对于GRACE反演黑河流域水储量变化结果精度没有显著改善，说明黑河流域信号泄露现象微弱。对比不同来源水储量变化产品数据，得出本文反演结果和德克萨斯大学公布CSR-RL04全球陆地水储量变化产品数据在黑河流域精度较高。本文GRACE反演结果、德克萨斯大学公布的CSR-RL04均与黑河流域合成水储量变化较吻合，目前采用数据处理算法可行，黑河流域水储量变化结果有效。黑河流域水储量在时序上存在显著季节变化特征，夏季水储量增加，冬季水储量减少，在研究时序内整体呈上升趋势；水储量在空间上受流域降水和地形影响显著，上、中游水储量增加，下游水储量部分地区较少，部分增加。黑河流域地下水的时空变化特征为：时序上2003-2004年间减少且幅度逐减，2005年夏季地下水资源量增加较多，之后地下水资源总量开始减少，至2008年处于平衡态；空间上流域局部变化波动较大，上游在2003-2004年间减少，2005年相对年均含量轻微增加，2006年处于平均值状态，2007-2008年稍微上升；中游在2005年略微上升，之后三年下降；下游地下水含量在六年中整体呈上升趋势。 |
| 英文摘要 | Groundwater, as an important natural water body, is an important water source to agricultural irrigation, urban domestic water and industrial development, etc., and has a closely relation to human life and socio-economic development. The inland arid region of northwest China, far away from the sea, is controlled by continental monsoon climate that is dry and has only a small amount of annual rainfall, strongly affected by the uplift of the Tibet plateau on the west. Due to the facts of small precipitation, large evapotranspiration and limited surface water resources available, groundwater becomes one of the primary water sources to the local community. However, along with the social development and living level improvement, the demands of groundwater resources are increasing and that have led to overexploitation and unsustainable utilization of groundwater. At present, water stress has become critical constraint to local development. \n \nAs a typical inland river basin in the arid region of northwest China, the Heihe River basin (HRB) is facing the same problem of water resources utilization. The water resources are uneven in space or time. Conflicts happen in the upper, middle and downstream areas. Groundwater is also an important water source to HRB. In order to sustainably use groundwater, the first priority is to understand groundwater dynamics, which are constrained by both natural and human factors. Complex natural geographical conditions and topography in HRB make it even harder to formulate the dynamics. The traditional approach is through drilling wells by which groundwater changes are monitored. This cannot work sufficiently because of the current network sparsely and unevenly distributed and high costs invested for manual observation and maintenance. Meanwhile, as a well can only represent a very limited area, the current network is hard to precisely represent the true situation at a watershed scale. \n \nThe newly launched GRACE gravity satellites provide a new approach to obtain basin scale spatio-temporal variations of groundwater. By reversing the available GRACE data, terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes can be derived and groundwater dynamics can be subsequently estimated on basis of the water balance equation, where the rest variables can be obtained from auxiliary hydrological data.\n \nThis study includes following contents: a) designing proper data processing flow to process GRACE data; b) Recovering water storage variations of HRB using GRACE; c) Evaluating the effects of basin function on simulations; d) Evaluating a number of GRACE water storage data products in the study area of HRB by comparing with a synthetic product from GLDAS; and e) Estimating groundwater storage changes in HRB combining GRACE data and GLDAS hydrological components.\n \n This study has drawn the following conclusions. a) Adding basin function does not significantly improve the estimations as in HRB signal leakage is not obvious. b) Our TWS change estimation and that from University of Texas have more accuracy in HRB. They are in higher agreement with the synthetic TWS change calculated by precipitation and evapotranspiration. That also indicates the appropriateness of data processing method adopted in this paper. c) The study reveals that water storage changes in HRB are featured with obviously seasonal characteristics: increment in summers and declines in winters. Inter-annual analysis shows an increasing trend of water storage in HRB. Spatially, water storage is greatly influenced by precipitation and terrains in HRB, resulting in an increasing trend in the upstream and midstream areas, while a decreasing trend in partial downstream area and increasing in other parts. The study shows that groundwater amount is keeping decrease but with smaller reduction magnitude in the entire HRB during 2003-2004. In 2005 summer groundwater amount reaches its highest peak, and from then the increase magnitude begins shrink and no increase in 2008. Spatially, in upper HRB, groundwater shows decline in 2003-2004, slight increase in 2005, no increase in 2006 and small increase in 2007-2008. In middle HRB, groundwater slightly increases in 2005 and then declines in following three years. In lower HRB, groundwater keeps increase in the total 6 study years. |
| 中文关键词 | 黑河流域 ; 水储量变化 ; 地下水动态 ; GRACE重力卫星 |
| 英文关键词 | Heihe River Basin(HRB) water storage variation groundwater dyanmics GRACE gravity satellite |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287095 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 曹艳萍. GRACE重力卫星反演黑河流域地下水变化[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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