Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 禁牧围封和造林对科尔沁退化沙质草地植被-土壤的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of Exclosure and Afforestation on Vegetation and Soil properties in Horqin desertified sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia |
| 尚雯 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 马海州 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以我国沙漠化发展较为严重的科尔沁沙地为研究区域，应用时空转换的方法，通过野外调查和实验室分析，围绕严重沙漠化沙质草地生态恢复这一主题，探讨流动沙丘在禁牧围封和造林两种模式下植被与土壤的变化特征。恢复时间序列上的样地类型包括：14年和26年的围封地、25年和35年的樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）人工林、6年和16年的杨树（Populus simonii）人工林，以及12年和25年的小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）人工灌木林。本文分析了生态恢复过程中植物群落特征的变化，土壤理化性状的变化特征，以及土壤活性有机碳组分（轻组有机碳、微生物量碳、可矿化碳）的变化，并初步探讨了科尔沁退化沙质草地适宜的生态恢复模式。主要研究结果如下：（1）流动沙丘围封和造林可以优化植物群落结构，提高植被盖度、物种数目和地上生物量。围封地和小叶锦鸡儿林地地上生物量随恢复年限的增加而递减，樟子松林和杨树林地地上生物量则随恢复年限的增加而增加。小叶锦鸡儿林地上生物量增幅在几类样地中最高。植被盖度和物种数增幅表现为杨树林地＞围封地＞小叶锦鸡儿林＞樟子松林地。造林对地上生物量、植被盖度、物种数量的影响高于围封。（2）沙漠化逆转的过程中伴随土壤质地变好、容重降低，田间持水量增加。14年围封地、26年围封地、25年樟子松林、35年樟子松林、6年杨树林、16年杨树林、12年小叶锦鸡儿和25年小叶锦鸡儿林0-15cm土层土壤粘粉粒含量分别是流动沙丘的19.6、40.3、16、25.2、11.7、26.3、9.3、32.8倍；土壤容重分别比流动沙丘降低了3.7%、4.3%、6.2%、7.4%、3.1%、8.6%、4.3%、5.6%；土壤田间持水量分别比流动沙丘增加了22.5%、32.7%、29.3%、38.3%、18.3%、47.2%、17.8%、24%。围封地土壤粘粉粒含量增幅在几类样地中为最高，围封和造林地土壤中粗沙含量和容重随恢复年限的增加而递减，土壤粘粉粒含量和田间持水量则随恢复年限的增加而增加。造林对土壤容重和田间持水量的改善作用高于围封。（3）从流动沙丘到固定沙丘，土壤碳氮储量显著增加。14年围封地、26年年围封地、25年樟子松林、35年樟子松林、6年杨树林、16年杨树林、12年小叶锦鸡儿和25年小叶锦鸡儿林0-15cm土层土壤有机碳储量分别比流动沙丘增加了238%、952%、515%、924%、570%、1504%、455%、971%，全氮储量分别比流动沙丘增加了62.4%、372.7%、271.5%、425.5%、391%、886%、302.3%、637.7%。样地类型相同时，土壤碳氮储量均随恢复年限的增加而增加。土壤有机碳、氮储量积累速率均表现为杨树林＞樟子松林＞小叶锦鸡儿林＞围封地，其中小叶锦鸡儿林地全氮储量增幅高于樟子松林和围封地。人工林地土壤碳、氮储量增幅和积累速率均高于围封地。（4）沙地生态恢复过程中轻组有机碳和微生物量碳对土地利用变化的响应快于土壤有机碳。14年围封地、26年围封地、25年樟子松林、35年樟子松林、6年杨树林、16年杨树林、12年小叶锦鸡儿和25年小叶锦鸡儿林地0-15cm土层土壤轻组有机碳储量分别是流动沙丘的5.8、13.6、20.9、36.1、13.5、50.6、14、22.7倍，土壤微生物量碳储量分别比流动沙丘增加了591.9%、812.5%、696.5%、1121.3%、881.8%、1476.5%、1058.3%、1130.1%，轻组有机碳和微生物量碳储量增幅高于土壤有机碳储量，并且随恢复年限的增加而增加。土壤碳矿化速率随培养时间（31天）的延长和土层的加深逐渐降低。（5）流动沙丘通过围封和造林实现草地植被恢复，有效实现草地土壤碳、氮库的积累。从土壤有机碳、全氮、轻组有机碳和微生物量碳储量的增幅和积累速率来看，围封和造林地轻组有机碳和微生物量碳储量的增幅高于土壤有机碳，说明轻组有机碳和微生物量碳对土地利用变化的响应比土壤有机碳更快，可作为衡量沙地土壤质量变化的早期指标。从碳积累的角度考虑，造林对土壤碳氮储量的贡献大于围封地，说明造林是科尔沁沙地较为适宜的生态恢复模式。关键词：科尔沁沙地、围封、造林、植被、土壤有机碳、全氮、轻组有机碳、微生物量碳、可矿化碳 |
| 英文摘要 | The study area was located in the Horqin sandy land, one of the most serious desertification regions in China. Focusing on ecological recovery from the serious desertification in sandy grassland ecosystem, the paper analyzed the characteristics of vegetation and soil of mobile dunes under two patterns of grazing exclosure and afforestation by taking advantage of space-time conversion method and through making field investigation and laboratory analysis. According to the recovery stages sequence, the types of plot include: 14 and 26 year-old exclosures; 25 and 35 year-old plantations (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica); 6 and 16 year-old plantations (Populus simonii); 12 and 25 year-old plantations (Caragana microphylla). The dynamics of plant community characteristics, soil physical and chemical properties as well as soil labile organic carbon fractions (light fraction organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and mineralizable carbon) were studied. Also, we discussed the proper way for Horqin sandy land ecological restoration. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Exclosure and afforestation improved the community coverage, the diversity and the aboveground biomass. Results indicated that the aboveground biomass of exclosure lands and caragana plantations were decreased with the increase of restoration stages, while it increased with the restoration process of Pinus sylvestris and Populus simonii plantations. The growth rate of vegetation coverage and the diversity in populus simonii plantations were the highest among these sites. Afforestation has a bigger effect on the aboveground biomass, vegetation coverage and the species richness than that in exclosured lands. (2) In the growing processes of established vegetations, the soil texture in 0-15cm depth became finer, soil bulk density decreased and the filed water capacity were enhanced. The content of soil silt-clay in 14 year-old exclosured land, 26 year-old exclosure land,25 year-old Pinus sylvestris plantation,35 year-old Pinus sylvestris plantation,6 year-old Populus simonii plantation,16 year-old Populus simonii plantation, 12 year-old Caragana microphylla plantation and 25 year-old Caragana microphylla plantation was 19.6、40.3、16、25.2、11.7、26.3、9.3、32.8 times the mobile dune silt-clay content respectively, and the soil bulk density decreased by 3.7%、4.3%、6.2%、7.4%、3.1%、8.6%、4.3%、5.6%, while the field water capacity increased by 22.5%、32.7%、29.3%、38.3%、18.3%、47.2%、17.8%、24% respectively. The growth rate of soil silt-clay content in exclosure lands was higher than the other sites. The improvement of afforestation on soil bulk density and field water capacity were much better than that in exclosure lands. （3）The desertification reversion resulted in a significantly increase of soil carbon and nitrogen storages. Soil organic carbon storages of 0-15cm depth in 14 year-old exclosure land, 26 year-old exclosure land, 25 year-old Pinus sylvestris plantation,35 year-old Pinus sylvestris plantation,6 year-old Populus simonii plantation,16 year-old Populus simonii plantation, 12 year-old Caragana microphylla plantation, and 25 year-old Caragana microphylla plantation increased by 238%、952%、515%、924%、570%、1504%、455%、971% , respectively, compared with the mobile dune, the total nitrogen storages increased by 62.4%、372.7%、271.5%、425.5%、391%、886%、302.3%、637.7%, respectively. Soil carbon and nitrogen storages in the same type of sites were increased with the increasing restoration stages. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen storages accumulation rates were in the order: Populus simonii plantations > Pinus sylvestris plantations > Caragana microphylla plantations > exclosure land. The accumulation rate of total nitrogen storages of Caragana microphylla lands was higher than that in Pinus sylvestris plantations and exclosure land. The growth rates of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storages in afforestation lands were higher than those in the exclosure land. （4）The light fraction organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were more sensitive to ecological restoration than that of the total soil organic carbon in sandy grassland. With the sand fixation, the light fraction organic carbon storages in 14 year-old exclosure land, 26 year-old exclosure land, 25 year-old Pinus sylvestris plantation, 35 year-old Pinus sylvestris plantation, 6 year-old Populus simonii plantation, 16 year-old Populus simonii plantation, 12 year-old Caragana microphylla plantation, and 25 year-old Caragana microphylla plantation were 5.8、13.6、20.9、36.1、13.5、50.6、14、22.7 times of the mobile dune, respectively, and soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 591.9%、812.5%、696.5%、1121.3%、881.8%、1476.5%、1058.3%、1130.1%, respectively. The growth rates of light fraction organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon storages of exclosure and afforestation lands were higher than the soil organic carbon storages and increased with the restoration stages. The mineralization rate of soil organic C decreased with the incubation time and increasing of soil depth. (5) The establishment of mobile dune exclosure and the afforestation enhanced vegetation recovery and accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen pools. The results above indicated that the growth rates of light fraction organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon storages under exclosure and afforestation lands were higher than the growth rates of soil organic carbon storages, which shows the light fraction organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were more sensitive to land use change than soil organic carbon and therefore could be used as an early index to evaluate soil quality. The contribution of afforestation on the improvement of vegetation and soil quality was larger than that in the exclosure lands, which indicated that the afforestation is the proper way for Horqin sandy land ecological restoration. Key words: Horqin sandy land; Exclosure; Afforestation; Vegetation; Soil organic carbon; Total nitrogen; Light fraction organic carbon; Microbial biomass carbon; Mineralizable carbon |
| 中文关键词 | 科尔沁沙地 ; 围封 ; 造林 ; 植被 ; 土壤 |
| 英文关键词 | Horqin sandy land Exclosure Afforestation Vegetation Soil |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287089 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 尚雯. 禁牧围封和造林对科尔沁退化沙质草地植被-土壤的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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