Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 生物土壤结皮对土壤微生物和线虫的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of biological soil crusts on soil microorganisms and nematodes |
| 刘艳梅 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 李新荣 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 生物土壤结皮(Biological soil crusts, BSCs)作为荒漠生态系统的重要组成部分，对于沙丘的固定和维持土壤生物多样性发挥着 “生态系统工程师”的重要作用。微生物和线虫是土壤生物中的优势类群，它们能较好的指示土壤恢复的程度，是衡量沙区生态恢复与健康的重要生物学属性。BSCs的存在和演替与土壤微生物和线虫之间存在什么关系，以及通过什么途径相互影响？这些问题的研究是深入理解沙区生态恢复机理的重要前提。纵观对BSCs的研究，目前关于BSCs和土壤微生物及线虫关系缺少系统的研究。本研究以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区的植被固沙区发育良好的藻结皮和藓类结皮下的沙丘土壤为研究对象，研究结皮对土壤微生物群落多样性、微生物量、土壤酶和线虫群落的影响及线虫与微生物之间的关系，分析BSCs对其下土壤微生物和线虫的影响及土壤线虫与微生物之间的关系。主要研究结果如下：\n（1）BSCs的拓殖明显改善了土壤线虫群落、微生物群落和土壤酶活性。结皮提高了土壤线虫的多度、属的丰富度、H′、MI、EI 和 SI；提高土壤微生物量碳氮的含量、微生物总的PLFAs 、细菌PLFAs和真菌PLFAs，改变了土壤微生物群落组成；同时，也显著提高了表层土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的活性。\n（2）结皮类型显著影响土壤线虫多度与属的丰富度，土壤微生物量和总的PLFAs含量，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的活性。即藓类结皮下这些指标明显高于藻结皮，这一结果说明演替后期的藓类结皮比演替早期阶段的藻结皮更有利于土壤线虫和微生物类群的繁衍。\n（3）BSCs覆盖下土壤线虫多度、微生物量碳氮和土壤酶存在明显的季节变化。\n（4）BSCs覆盖下表层土壤线虫总数、食微线虫数量和土壤线虫群落的多样性与微生物总生物量、细菌生物量、真菌生物量、土壤微生物量存在线性正相关关系；随着结皮下土壤微生物数量和微生物量的增加,土壤线虫数量和多样性也随之增加。\n（5） 从微生物与土壤微小动物繁衍的角度揭示了BSCs在沙区生态恢复中的重要作用。 |
| 英文摘要 | Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role of “ecosystem engineer” in the dune fixation and maintaining soil biodiversity as the important part of desert ecological system. Soil microorganisms and nematodes are the most abundant soil organisms. They could be used as good bioindicators to reflect soil recover regime and important biological properties in measuring sandy ecological restoration and health. What is the relationship of the existence and succession of BSCs with soil microorganisms and nematodes, and what is the channel of affecting each other? The study of these problems is an important prerequisite of drive understanding of the mechanism of sandy ecological restoration. The relationships of BSCs with soil microorganisms and nematodes are rarely in the systematic research by surveying the research of BSCs at present. Sand dunes soil under algal and moss crusts was served as the object of this project in revegetated desert area of Shapotou region at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. The effects of BSCs on soil microbial diversity, microbial biomass, soil enzymes and nematode communities were studied to analyze the influence of BSCs to soil microorganisms and nematode communities and to explore the relationships of microorganisms and nematodes. The main results were as follows:\n(1) The colonization and development of BSCs improved soil nematode communities, soil microbial communities and the activity of soil enzyme. BSCs enhanced nematode abundances, generic richness, Shannon-Weaver Index (H′), maturity index（MI）, enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI). BSCs also increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) concentrations, bacterial PLFA concentrations and fungal PLFA concentrations, and changed community composition of soil microorganisms. Meanwhile, BSCs could increase the activity of topsoil urease, sucrase, catalase and dehydrogenase.\n(2) Crust types significantly affected abundances and generic richness of soil nematode, total PLFA concentrations, microbial biomass and the activity of soil urease, sucrase, catalase and dehydrogenase. Moss crusts had higher these indexes than those of algal crusts（p<0.05）. The result suggested that the late-successional moss crusts were more beneficial to the proliferation of soil microbes and nematodes than the early-successional algal crusts. \n(3) There were obvious seasonal changes of nematode abundances, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and the activity of soil enzymes under BSCs. \n(4) Nematode population, microbial-feeding nematode population and diversity of nematodes were positively correlated with microbial biomass, bacterial biomass, fungal biomass, microbial biomass under BSCs. Nematode population and diversity increased with the amount of soil microbes and soil microbial biomass. \n(5) The article revealed the important role of BSCs in the ecological restoration of sandy areas from the perspective of microrganisms and soil microfauna reproduction. |
| 中文关键词 | “生物土壤结皮” ; “人工植被固沙区” ; “线虫群落” ; “微生物量” ; “微生物群落” |
| 英文关键词 | “Biological soil crusts (BSCs)” “The artificially revegetated desert area” “Nematode communities”“ Microbial biomass”“Microbial communities” |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287079 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘艳梅. 生物土壤结皮对土壤微生物和线虫的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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