Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 寒旱区地学e-Science虚拟联合观测系统关键技术与应用研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Key Technologies and Application Research of the Earth e-Science Virtual Joint Observing Platform in Cold and Arid Regions |
| 火久元 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 张耀南 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 地学研究具有多空间尺度和多时间尺度的特征，任何单一学科、研究机构和研究团队都无法满足现代地学的发展需要，必须开展跨学科、跨区域、甚至是全球性合作研究。因此，将多个野外观测实验台站按照统一规范开展的跨学科、跨区域的联网监测、试验和研究的方式，可以揭示出更具普遍性的规律，解决地学研究领域中更复杂的问题。自20世纪80年代以来，一些国家和国际组织逐渐建立起来了地区、国家甚至全球尺度的观测、监测和数据共享网络，并基于这些网络组织地学科学家进行联合研究，为发展大尺度的地球联合观测奠定了良好的基础。\n寒旱区野外台站观测经过多年的发展，已建立起覆盖我国寒旱区主要生态、环境区的野外监测网络体系。该野外监测网络体系通过观测、试验、示范，为寒区旱区科学研究提供了重要的科学依据，已成为寒旱区科学研究中不可或缺、不可替代的研究力量和支撑平台。但寒旱区野外台站地处高寒、干旱区域的恶劣自然环境，导致信息获取能力滞后，严重制约了寒旱区域地学研究。\n因此，本文拟实现寒旱区野外监测仪器组网，全面提升寒旱区野外观测数据的自动化水平与数据的实时性和数据质量；为寒区旱区野外观测台站构建一体化的科学数据采集、传输、集成、保存、管理和共享研究平台；基于数据共享平台，构建一个能够根据某一科学研究目标建立的寒旱区虚拟同步联合观测系统，从而获得具有针对性的、跨区域和跨学科的地学观测数据集；基于寒旱区虚拟联合观测系统实现跨学科、跨部门、跨区域的寒旱区冰川、冻土、沙漠、大气、水文、生态、环境等方面多学科联合观测研究。\n 本文中所研究的寒旱区地学e-Science虚拟联合观测系统主要内容包括以下几个方面：\n1. 构建寒旱区地学e-Science虚拟联合观测系统框架：经过对中科院寒旱所16个野外台站的监测现状调研，提出并设计了分为观测仪器组网层、网络传输层、数据汇聚层和系统应用层的虚拟联合观测系统。\n2. 基于XML语言观测数据元数据描述和集成：基于传感器建模语言（SensorML）描述野外观测点中的各类传感器及其相关属性；基于Observations and Measurements Schema（O&M）标准模型描述传感器观测或者测量结果；利用XML自定义描述虚拟联合观测系统。建立了从传感器、观测数据到虚拟联合观测系统的基于XML的元数据库，从而简化了各种异构数据接口复杂度，实现对异构数据的统一访问。\n3. 基于混合网络技术组建观测数据传输网络：基于寒旱区已建立的冰川、冻土、沙漠、大气、生态、环境、水文等要素监测系统，论述了根据野外环境监测系统的特点、网络环境及传输成本等因素，设计适于各野外监测系统的数据传输网络，为用户提供数据传输网络设计完整的、实用的整体技术选择方案。\n4. 设计观测仪器组网节点：经过对观测仪器组网分析，将节点划分为仪器组网节点和网关节点，论述了节点软硬件设计。所设计的节点具有体积小、功耗低等特点，可实现寒旱区野外观测数据的收集、传输以及观测仪器组网任务。\n5. 设计适合观测仪器组网的路由协议：基于无线传感器网络的分簇路由协议LEACH协议设计了一种划分区域、分布式、自组织、簇头备份的观测仪器组网协议LEACH-ABC (Clustering Protocol of sub-Area and Backup Cluster-head)。\n6. 寒旱区地学e-Science虚拟联合观测系统原型构建及应用示范：基于C/S模式结合B/S模式的混合架构研发设计了虚拟联合观测系统原型，基于该原型构建了虚拟同步联合观测系统的应用实例，并讨论了青藏高原冻土变化过程观测数据可视化方法。 |
| 英文摘要 | Geoscience researches inherently have the features of multiple spatial scales and multiple time scales, single discipline, research institution and research team could not meet the needs of modern Geoscience development. Interdisciplinary, cross-region and even global cooperation in research must be carried out to understand the Earth in the overall and system concept. Therefore, multiple field observation stations carrying out network monitoring, testing and research of interdisciplinary, cross-region in accordance with the unified and standardized manner can reveal a more general law and solve more complex issues in the field of geoscience researches. Since the 1980s, a number of countries, international organizations have established many national, regional and even global scale observation, monitoring and information-sharing networks. And scientists have been organized collaboratively to promote the development of earth sciences, and laid a good foundation for the development of Earth observation and joint observations in large scale.\nAfter many years development of field stations, a field monitoring network system that comprises 16 field stations has been established in cold and arid regions. It covers the major ecosystem and environmental areas of cold and arid regions in China. The field monitoring network system provides a scientific basis for the scientific researches of cold and arid regions to solve a series of major scientific problems by observing, testing and demonstration. It has become an indispensable and irreplaceable research strength and support platform for the scientific study of cold and arid regions. But the harsh environment of the alpine, arid region lead to deficiency in the network building and data transfer, and has seriously hampered the researches in cold and arid areas.\nThus, this paper intends to build up networks of field monitoring devices in cold and arid regions, and promote the overall level of automation and real-time field observation data transfer and data quality. To build an integrated research platform of science data collection, transmission, integration, preservation, management and sharing for cold and arid regions field observation stations. To build a virtual synchronous joint observation platform targeted a scientific research object to acquire data sets of cross-region and interdisciplinary geoscience observation. And to achieve interdisciplinary, cross-sectors and inter-region joint researches of glaciers, permafrost, desert, atmosphere, hydrology, ecology, environment of Cold and Arid Regions.\nIn this paper, the Cold and Arid Regions Virtual Joint Observation Platform includes the following aspects：\n1. Building system architecture of the Cold and Arid Regions Earth e-Science Virtual Joint Observation Platform: after the investigation of monitoring status of the 16 field stations in Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a virtual joint observing system platform that divided into observation devices networking layer, the network transport layer, the data aggregation layer and the application layer has been proposed and designed.\n2. The metadata description and integration of observation data based on XML: Sensor Modeling Language (SensorML) was adopted to describe the properties of various types of sensors deployed in the field observation points; Observations and Measurements Schema (O&M) standard model was adopted to describe the observations or measurements of sensors; and custom XML tags were designed to describe the virtual joint observation platform. The XML-based database from sensors, observation data to the virtual joint observation platform has been built up to achieve a uniform interface with a variety of data sources. It simplifies the complexity of access interfaces of observation data to meet the application needs of handling all types of complex data.\n3. Setting up a network of observation data transmission based on hybrid network technology: based on glaciers, permafrost, desert, atmospheric, ecological, environmental, hydrological and other elements monitoring systems established in cold and arid regions, data transmission networks suitable for field monitoring systems was designed according to characteristics of field environmental monitoring systems, network environments, transmission costs and other factors, and a more practical and complete technology of data transmission network design for field stations was provided.\n4. Designing observation data networking node: After analysis of the observation devices networking, the nodes are divided into device networking nodes and gateway nodes, the nodes hardware and software design are also discussed. The designed nodes has the properties of smaller size, lower power consumption, and could accomplish the field observation tasks of data collection, transmission, and the observation devices networking in cold and arid regions.\n5. Designing suitable routing protocol for the observation devices network: Base on a mature, classic clustering routing protocol of Wireless Sensor Network, LEACH protocol, a zoning, distributed, self-organization, and cluster-head backup observation devices networking protocol, LEACH-ABC (Clustering Protocol of sub-Area and Backup Cluster-head) has been designed.\n6. Building prototype system and application demonstrations of Virtual Joint Observing System Platform in cold and arid regions: proposed hybrid development architecture of combination of B/S mode and C/S mode to design the prototype system of the virtual joint observing platform. And a simple application demonstration has been set up based on this prototype system and a visualization analysis method of permafrost change process on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has also been discussed. |
| 中文关键词 | 观测仪器组网 ; 地学e-Science ; 虚拟联合观测系统 ; 节点设计 ; 组网路由设计 |
| 英文关键词 | observing devices networking Earth e-Science virtual joint observing platform node design routing protocol design |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287074 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 火久元. 寒旱区地学e-Science虚拟联合观测系统关键技术与应用研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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