Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 耕作及石膏对苏打盐碱土改良作用研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study of amelioration effect of tillage and gypsum to saline-sodic soil |
| 徐璐 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 王志春 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 东北地区盐碱土严重阻碍了农业的可持续发展，本文在了解盐碱土的形成机制和改良研究进展，及其耕作措施的技术原理的基础上，分别从水田和旱田两种土地利用类型分析了土壤盐碱性带来的不同生产障碍，揭示了两种土地利用类型的盐碱土最优改良方法并加以实施。\n利用田间小区试验模拟深松耕作，研究了等距开槽结合施用石膏对东北松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱土的改良效果。结果表明，等距开槽（20-40 cm心土层开槽，槽间距1 m）能有效降低开槽点的土壤紧实度，对槽间土壤紧实度也有一定的降低作用，且与对照(不开槽)紧实度的差异达到极显著水平；等距开槽必须结合石膏才能改善土壤的化学性质，加石膏和未加石膏处理的pH和碱化度达到差异显著水平，而电导率值在处理前后差异不显著，开槽松土处理对槽内土壤化学性质改善效果不明显；磷石膏与脱硫石膏在改土效果上差异不显著，石膏配合开槽能有效改善土壤理化性质和植物生长状况，且对槽间土壤改良和植物生长均有一定的促进作用。\n基于深松模拟试验，利用EM38分析土壤盐碱性的空间分布差异，采用不同耕作措施结合磷石膏对不同盐碱化程度的土壤进行有针对性的改良。结果表明，全方位深松比凿式深松能降低土壤的水分蒸发能力；江水灌溉可以较好的改善土壤的保墒能力，磷石膏结合灌溉水的效果更好。耕作结合磷石膏对电导率的改变作用不明显，只对表层pH和ESP有较好的改良效果，可能是由于磷石膏溶解度差，被淋洗到下层的磷石膏较少，改善效果不明显。磷石膏能够促进小粘粒结合成大颗粒，从而降低粘粒含量，改善土壤结构，深松能促进更深层土壤的结构改善。从作物产量来看，仅有未加磷石膏的小区产量最低，其他小区均较大，且差异达到显著水平。总之，磷石膏是改良土壤和作物增收的决定因素，深松是次要因素。\n水资源匮乏是干旱区和半干旱区农业增产的瓶颈，高效利用水资源是解决盐碱地旱田的重要途径之一。针对吉林西部半干旱区土壤耕性差等问题，研究了不同深松措施对土壤物理特性的影响。结果表明，深松处理对土壤物理性质有较大的改善作用，能显著降低犁底层土壤紧实度，增加耕层土壤水分，但对土壤容重和孔隙度影响效果不明显；不同深松方式对土壤物理性质的影响不同，凿式深松比全方位深松对犁底层的破坏作用更大，更能有效降低土壤紧实度，凿式深松对土壤饱和导水率的提高作用显著优于全方位深松，全方位深松在犁底层的饱和导水率比对照有显著提高；从作物来看，深松对促进作物根系生长和增加作物产量有显著作用，不同深松方式对根系生长的促进作用从大到小依次是S60>SQ40>S40，对作物产量增加效果明显的耕作方式依次是SQ40>S60>S40。 |
| 英文摘要 | Saline and sodic soil block heavily sustainable development of agriculture in northeast China. On the base of the fact that awareness of information mechanism and amelioration studies of saline and sodic soil, and understanding of technical principle of tillage methods, barriers in two land use types ,including paddy field and dry land, of saline and sodic soil were analysized respectively, and reveal the best amelioration methods of two land use types and went on to carry out.\nAn experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of equidistant slotting, combined with gypsum applications, on the amelioration of saline-sodic soils in the Songnen Plain, North Eastern China. The results showed that slots placed in saline-sodic soils 20 cm deep and spaced 1 m apart, reduced the degree of soil compaction and improved soil physical characteristics in the slotted areas when gypsum was also added. Moreover, such treatments reduced the soil compaction to some extent between slotting positions. However, when slotting was done without gypsum, the soil chemical properties were not significantly improved over the un-treated controls. Significant reductions in pH and exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP) were only observed between gypsum and no-gypsum treatments. The electrical conductivity(EC), on the other hand, was not significantly different among treatments. The effects of the amelioration of soil sodicity between phosphogypsum and desulfurized gypsum had no remarkable difference. Therefore we found that gypsum applied to slots in the soil could improve the physical and chemical properties and thereby improve the growing conditions while at the same time progressively ameliorate the soil conditions between slotting locations.\nBased on the stimulation experiment of deep tillage, analysizing the different spatial distribution of salinity and sodicity with the utilization of EM38, variable tillage motheds, combined with phosphogypsum(PG), were adapted to ameliorate the soil in different degrees of salinity and sodicity. The results show that bulk subsoiling could reduce evaporate ability of soil moisture than chisel plough. River water irrigation after subsoiling was good to improve the ability of preserving soil moisture, and PG better. Effect of tillage and PG to progress electrical conductivity(EC) was not obvious, only worked on pH value and exchange sodium percentage(ESP) in the top soil layer. perhaps little PG was washed downwards bottom because of the poor solubility of PG, thus amelioration effect was unconspicuous. PG could integrate tiny clay into big soil particle, then soil structure could be better, and subsoiling could help the bottom soil composition. According to the crops, only the treatment without PG gained low yield, and others high significantly. In sum, PG was the main factor of soil amelioration and crops harvest, and tillage is secondary one.\nWater scarcity is a bottleneck of agricultural production in arid and semiarid areas, efficient use of water resources is one of the important means to solve the problem. An experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of different ways of subsoiling, in order to improve soil tilth, on soil physical characters in the west of Jilin province China.The results indicated that sub-soiling could improve the soil physical properties greatly, decrease the soil compactness of the plough pan significantly, increase the soil moisture of the topsoil layer obviously, but the soil density and porosity was influenced slightly. Effects of the soil physical characteristics were different when using different means of sub-soiling. Plough pan was destroyed more greatly by Chiesl plough than bulk subsoiling, and Soil compactness reduced more considerably than bulk subsoiling; Saturated hydraulic conductivity ratio both in topsoil and plough pan were increased more significantly by chiesl plough than bulk subsoiling, but only in plough pan that was improved more obviously by bulk subsoiling than the un-treated control. Accroding to the crop, on the other hand, sub-soiling could enhance the growth of the roots and augment the yield of the crops evidently, effect of sub-soiling on promoting the growth of roots in descending order was:S60>SQ40>S40, and on the yield:SQ40>S60>S40。 |
| 中文关键词 | 苏打盐碱土 ; 理化性质 ; 深松 ; 改良 |
| 英文关键词 | saline sodic soil physical and chemical properties subsoiling amelioration |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287067 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐璐. 耕作及石膏对苏打盐碱土改良作用研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [徐璐]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [徐璐]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [徐璐]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
