Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 甘肃省中东部地区树轮气候学研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Dendroclimatological studies for Central Eastern Gansu province |
| 孙铂 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 刘禹 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 论文的研究区位于我国西北地区的甘肃省中东部，属于祁连山，是东亚夏季风控制的边缘地区。研究区广泛分布青海云杉及油松等适用于树轮气候学研究的理想树种，这为在该区域开展树轮气候学研究提供了良好的基础。该区气候干燥，降水稀少，水资源极其缺乏。因此，利用树轮资料恢复该区降水变化历史，不仅可以了解东亚季风边缘在我国西北地区进退历史，确定其影响范围，更可为当地的生态环境治理、防旱减灾提供依据。这对当地生产生活有着极为现实的意义。然而这一地区已开展的树轮学研究工作多偏重气温的研究，以降水变化为重心的树轮气候学研究仍显不足。本文基于采自兴隆山及昌灵-寿鹿地区的树轮样本，应用树轮气候学理论及方法，分析了研究区树轮对气候的响应模式。在此基础上恢复了研究区降水变化历史，并初步探讨了该区降水在东亚季风影响下的时空变化，主要得出以下结论:\n1. 在甘肃省中东部地区的兴隆山、昌灵山及寿鹿山3个采样点共采集了4组样本，包括油松样本1组，云杉样本3组，并按照国际树轮库（ITRDB）标准，分别建立了上述采样点的树轮宽度年表。各年表的统计特征分析表明，年表质量可靠，能够满足气候学研究要求。\n2. 通过分析兴隆山年表对当地气候要素的响应关系发现，兴隆山年表与当地气温呈负相关，而分别与上年7月、8月、9月、11月和当年7月降水量显著正相关，表明降水是该区域影响树木生长的限制性因子。昌灵-寿鹿年表对各月平均气温响应较弱，而对月平均降水量响应则较为显著，其中年表与上年7月至当年6月的降水量组合的相关最高。\n3. 根据相关分析结果设计转换方程，重建了兴隆山1679年以来上年7月至当年6月降水总量变化序列，重建序列的方差解释量为53.1%（1955—2008年）。在过去330年中，降水量高于多年均值的时段为1686—1715年，1727—1741年，1774—1810 和 1871—1923年，降水量低于多年均值的时段为1716—1726年，1740—1773年，1811—1870年，1924—1937年和1980—2003年。降水重建结果显示在过去330年中，兴隆山降水序列无论是年际间还是年代际间有多次反复波动，且干旱年份出现的频率明显多于湿润年份。在1980年之后，研究区降水量开始急剧减少，但是降水仍未低于过去330余年降水变化的最低区间。重建的降水序列在很大程度上指示了东亚夏季风在该区活动强弱变化的历史。\n3. 基于昌灵-寿鹿组年表重建了昌灵-寿鹿地区1853年以来上年7月至当年6月的降水变化，重建序列的方差解释量为53.1%。重建结果显示，昌灵-寿鹿地区降水明显较多的时段为1864—1876年和1936—1959年，而1877—1885年和1923—1932年两个时段为全序列中干旱最严重的时段，重建降水序列在1940—1970年降水变率较大。其中，20世纪20年代降水量明显低于多年平均降水量，这一时期兴隆山地区及我国北方许多地区也同时出现明显干旱情况。\n4. 兴隆山地区及昌灵-寿鹿地区的降水重建序列共同反映了研究区过去旱涝变化历史。其中显著干旱时段为：1924—1932年，1994—2002年；显著湿润时段为：1871—1876年。周期分析显示，兴隆山地区过去330年的降水变化存在160a、106.67a、80a、22.86a、6.27a和2—3a的显著周期。昌灵-寿鹿地区1853年以来的降水变化则含有23.33a，8.24a，2—3a的准周期。其中两条重建序列共有的20a左右的周期与太阳黑子活动的22a周期基本一致，表明太阳活动对黄土高原干旱区降水有一定的影响。两地降水重建序列在一定程度上揭示了研究区内东亚夏季风强度的变化。\n5. 兴隆山与昌灵-寿鹿地区降水与旱涝等级序列相关分析结果显示，经11a滑动平均后，除个别时段外，两者在极端干湿事件的发生上有较为一致。\n6. 兴隆山及昌灵-寿鹿两地重建降水与贺兰山，山西宁武以及中国东部地区重建降水序列对比结果显示，各序列对历史时期发生的极端干湿事件的反映具有一致性。尤其五条降水曲线均明确地指示出了上世纪20年代末期发生在我国北方的极端干旱事件。两地降水变化能够在一定程度上反映了中国北方环境敏感带中西部地区的降水变化。\n7. 兴隆山地区降水序列变化与7月东亚季风指数相关较高，昌灵-寿鹿地区降水与东亚夏季风指数相关则不十分显著，但总体趋势基本一致。 |
| 英文摘要 | The study region is in the central eastern Gansu Province, which belongs to the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains, and also at the marge of region of the East Asian summer monsoon-controlled areas. For secluded inland and far away from the ocean, the climate here is dry with scarce precipitation and water resources. The drought has become one of the most serious environmental problems, so it has great realistically significance no local people living and production by understand the precipitation trending here. At present, tree ring is the most important methods to examining the past climate change in the place. However, most of the tree ring studies here had focused on the reconstruction of temperature change, but few on precipitation. In order to obtain more historical precipitation information and more in-depth understanding of the processes, further studies must be carried out. The reconstructed series can be used to explore to connection between climatic change and the variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon on a lager spatial and temporal scale. At the same time, the research results can give same useful suggests about how to reduce the environmental disaster to the government. \nTrees just like Picea crassifolia and Pinus tabulaeformis, which widely living in the study area, are very suitable for tree-ring studies. This dissertation studies of the environment history on the eastern-central of Gansu province, based on the tree-ring records, and got the conclusions as follows:\n1. According to the standard defined by the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB), tree-ring simples of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) and Pinus tabulaeformis were collected using increment borers from four sites, XLS, CL1, CL2, and SL. Then three different kinds of chronology: standard chronology (STD), residual chronology (RES) and ARSTAN chronology (ARS) if the 4 simple sites were developed, respectively.\n2. On the basis of a significant correlation between the ring width of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) trees at Mt. Xinglong in north-central China and observed instrumental data, a transfer function was designed and the annual precipitation (from the previous July to the current June) was reconstructed for a period spanning 1679—2008 AD with an explained variance of 53.1% (1955—2008 AD). Intervals with precipitation more than the 330-year average occurred in 1686—1715, 1727—1741, 1774—1810 and 1871—1923. The intervals 1716—1726, 1740—1773, 1811—1870, 1924—1937 and 1980—2003 had precipitation lower than the 330-year average. There were more dry years than wet years in the Mt. Xinglong region in the last 330 years. Although the rainfall decreased sharply after 1980, it is still in the range of earlier precipitation fluctuations reconstructed for the past 330 years.The results showed that the variability of the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation was synchronously at a large spatial and temporal scale within the environmentally sensitive region in northern China.\n3. The tree-ring index of CLSL from Changling-Shoulu in north-central China strongly correlated with the observed instrumental data. And the annual total precipitation of the previous July to the current June was reconstructed since 1853 for the studied region, with the predictor variables accounting for 41.2% of the variance in the precipitation data. Distinct wet periods with precipitation levels greater than the mean (315 mm) occurred in 1864—1876 and 1936—1959. Notable dry periods with precipitation less than the mean occurred in 1877—1885 and 1923—1932. The precipitation fluctuated dramatically during 1940—1970, and became relatively stable around the mean value from 1960. The drought period from 1920—1930AD both emerged both in Mt. Xinglong and Changling-Shoulu area, and in the same time, it also a drought period in the north China. \n4. The reconstructed precipitation series of Mt. Xinglong and Changling- Shoulu region together reflected the precipitation variation history of the study area. The common drought periods were 1924-1932 and 1994-2002; the common wet period was 1871-1876. Periodicity analysis results showed remarkable 160-, 106.67-, 80-, 22.86-, 6.27- and 2- to 3-year cycles for the past 330 years in Mt. Xinglong and 23.33-, 8.24-, 2.64- and 2.59-year cycles for the reconstructed series during the past 155 years in Changling-Shoulu area.\n5. The comparison between precipitation reconstruction and dryness/wetness indices showed that the dryness/wetness and the precipitation reconstruction are significantly related in each study areas. \n6. The precipitation series comparison well between the study area and other three places. Although all five curves varied in their amplitudes, they remained highly similar with respect to the extreme events and the overall trends. It suggests that the precipitation variation from the study area represent the general precipitation variations in the western-central ESZ of northern China, in some extent.\n7. The precipitation variation in Mt. Xinglong correlated well with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) index of July. |
| 中文关键词 | 甘肃省 ; 兴隆山 ; 昌灵-寿鹿 ; 青海云杉 ; 油松 ; 树轮宽度 ; 降水重建 ; 东亚夏季风 |
| 英文关键词 | Gansu Mt. Xinglong Changling-Shoulu Picea crassifolia Kom. Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. tree-ring width precipitation reconstruction the East Asian summer monsoon |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 第四纪地质学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287063 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孙铂. 甘肃省中东部地区树轮气候学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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