Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 近60年中国气候区划界线的变化研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The Variation of Climate Regionalization Boundary in China during the Last 60 Years |
| 卞娟娟 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 郑景云 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文利用1951~2010年的日气象观测资料，分析因测站类型变更而致的站点资料不连续问题，并进行了相应的均一化订正。在此基础上，按照统一的气候区划原则和指标体系，对中国1951~1980年及1981~2010年两个时段的气候进行了区划，对比分析了这两个时段的主要区划界线的异同，阐述了中国近60年来区域气候变化的主要特征。取得的主要结论有：\n（1） 气象观测站类型变更导致气候数据不连续从而影响资料的均一性；利用比值法和差值法对相邻测站的气候资料进行订正，可消除海拔、台站下垫面及其周边环境差异对观测资料均一性的影响。\n（2） 近60年中国一些重要气候区域界线出现了一定程度的变化。与1951~1980年相比，1981~2010年的寒温带范围缩小；暖温带北界东段明显北移，其中部分地区北移幅度超过1个纬度；北亚热带北界东段已经越过淮河一线；北亚热带南界中段从洞庭湖平原地区移至汉江平原地区以南；中亚热带南界最西段整个金沙江谷地区由中亚热带变为南亚热带；青藏高原温带范围增加，亚寒带范围缩小。东北中温带地区的湿润-半湿润界线及半湿润-半干旱界线分别发生了东移和北扩，使小兴安岭一带的湿润区范围有所扩大，辽河平原一带半干旱区域缩小；青藏高原温带地区半湿润-半干旱界线北扩，使青藏高原中温带半湿润地区有所扩大。\n（3） 1951~2010年，我国大多数气候区的温度变化明显，年平均气温和四季平均温度均增加，但各区、各季的温度增加幅度不一致。其中在季节上，冬季平均温度的增加幅度最为显著；在区域上，北方大于南方。\n（4） 北亚热带北界东西两段对气候变暖的响应存在差异。由于地形的影响，位于北亚热带北界西段的秦岭南北地区，其热量条件差异大于位于北亚热带北界东段的淮河南北地区。近60年，两个区域热量条件均增加，但变化特征不同。虽然秦岭南北的热量条件差异减小，但秦岭作为气候分界线的作用依然明显，界线无变化。而淮河南北的热量条件变化差异基本一致，使得黄淮平原成为了北亚热带，导致了北亚热带北界东段发生了北移。\n（5） 1951~2010年，我国干湿区域变化状况比较复杂，其中，西部干旱区的年干燥度和年潜在蒸散、东部沿海地区的年降水量的变化幅度最大；在年降水量增加的区域，年干燥度基本上都有减小趋势。现阶段西部干旱区域处于干旱与变湿并存的状态；而华北地区存在着干旱化趋势。 |
| 英文摘要 | Based on the daily observations from the year of 1951 to 2010, we analyzed the discontinuity of the data by the type alternation of meteorological observation stations, and presented an approach to merge these discontinuous meteorological data from these stations. Then, approaches on unification principles and criteria system, schemed the climate regionalization in China during the period 1951-1980 and 1981-2010. The differences between the two periods of the main climate regionalization boundary were analyzed. And the main features of the regional climate change in China from 1951-2010 were elaborated. The results could be concluded as:\n(1) The discontinuity of meteorological records caused by the alternation of observation stations would lead to the inhomogeneity of meteorological data. The adjustment of daily observations based on difference analysis of observed monthly mean data between adjacent stations can eliminate the inhomogeneity caused by the differences in circumjacent environments, underlying surfaces and elevation gradient. \n(2) Compared with the period 1951-1980, the main climate regionalization boundary in china was shift differently in 1981-2010. In the east of 105°E, the cool temperate belt, the middle temperate belt, the temperate extratropical belt, the warm extratropial belt, the north subtropical belt, and the middle subtropical belt shift northward significantly, whereas the southern subtropical belt and tropical belt has no change. As in the west of 105°E, the region of temperate zone in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was enlarged and the region of cool temperate zone in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau had shrunk. As for the north subtropical belt in the east of 112°E, the belt had crossed the Huai River. As for the middle subtropical belt, the maximal north shift can reach 2 degrees. In middle temperate zones, the boundary line of humid and subhumid moved gradually toward the east, and the boundary line of semiarid and subhumid moved gradually toward the north.\n(3) Although there were increase trends for both the annual and seasonal average temperature at most areas in china from the year of 1951 to 2010, some seasonal and regional differences do exist. Most significant increasing trends occurred in winter and in North China.\n(4) The climate response to global warming was different for the eastern and western section belt of the northern boundaries of north subtropical zones. The difference of thermal resources between the northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains(QLM) was higher than the Huai River(HR). In 1951 to 2009, the thermal resources in both regions were increased, but different characters do exist. Although the increment of thermal resources in the northern region of QLM had larger extent than the southern region, the QLM are still a boundary between the warm temperate zone and subtropical zone in China. The increment of thermal resources in the northern and southern regions of HR were consistent, which makes the Huanghe-Huaihe plain belong to the north subtropical zones, and the belt shift northward significantly.\n(5) In 1951~2010, the variation scope of the annual aridity index and potential evapotranspiration in Northwest China and the annual precipitation in East China was most significant. In the regions where the annual precipitate showed increasing trends, the annual aridity index was indicated decreasing trends. There was relative aridity trend in North China, and relative humidity trend in Northwest China, but the environment here were still arid. |
| 中文关键词 | 中国 ; 气候区域 ; 界线变化 ; 近60年 |
| 英文关键词 | China climate regionalization boundaries change last 60 years |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 气象学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287056 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 卞娟娟. 近60年中国气候区划界线的变化研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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