Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 澜沧江流域典型生态系统服务和生物多样性及其空间分布格局研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on typical ecosystem services and biodiversity and their spatial patterns in Lancang River Basin |
| 陈龙 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 谢高地 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 澜沧江流域以其地形极为复杂、生态系统服务极为重要、生物多样性极为丰富的特点，备受全球关注，是相关科学研究的理想区域。本文在对该流域大规模考察的基础上，利用样地调查数据、考察收集数据、文献数据以及遥感数据等多源数据，对流域的典型生态系统服务以及生物多样性进行评估，并行了生态功能分区，针对其生态问题提出建议措施。相关内容如下：\n（1）碳蓄积服务：利用森林和草地清查资料、地面调查数据、文献数据以及中国土壤数据库对流域碳蓄积量进行了估算。主要结论有：1）流域生态系统（植被和土壤）总碳蓄积量为3.43 Pg，约占全国总量的1.79~3.54%。其中植被碳蓄积总量为300.32 Tg，约占全国的4.68~6.29%。2）碳密度随纬度下降呈三段式阶梯状上升，平均碳密度分别为8.29、24.28、和32.45 Mg·hm-2。3）预计在未来10~20年，森林碳蓄积将增加28.44%，年均碳汇量约为5.24 Tg·a-1，表明流域具有巨大的碳汇潜力。4）碳蓄积总量随海拔呈单峰变化趋势，在1200m时为顶峰；而碳密度则呈双峰，在1100m和3600m时为两个高峰。5）流域土壤碳蓄积总量约为3.14Pg，约占全国总量的1.7~3.4%，具有很大的不确定性。6）流域内碳蓄积服务受损较为严重，典型区域如西双版纳州因橡胶的种植损失的碳蓄积量约为6.79~16.43%。\n（2）水源供给服务：基于InVEST模型对流域水源供给服务进行了评估，主要结论有：1）流域年均水源供给量为7.61×1010 m3·a-1，从上游至下游呈明显递增趋势。2）坡度为8-25°的范围为水源供给量的主要部分，而海拔则集中于1000-2000m。3）不同植被结构的水源供给能力，针阔混交林>阔叶林>灌木林>针叶林>草地。4）水源供给能力与生态系统盖度密切相关，50%及以下盖度水源供给能力变化不大；而50%以上则随盖度呈线性增加。\n（3）土壤保持服务：基于RUSLE模型对流域土壤保持服务进行了估算，主要结论有：1）流域年均保持土壤2.36×1010 t·a-1，从上游至下游呈递增趋势。2）土壤侵蚀强度与坡度和海拔密切相关，主要发生于海拔3000m以上坡度为15~35°的范围内。3）不同植被结构的土壤保持能力，森林>草地>农田>人居>荒漠。4）土壤保持能力随生态系统盖度呈线性增加，平均10%的盖度可以提升35.28%的土壤保持能力。\n（4）生物多样性：基于大量文献样地资料和实测样地资料，利用传统方法和遥感方法对流域生物多样性及其空间分布格局进行了研究，主要结论有：1）群落尺度上，物种多样性总体随纬度和海拔的上升呈下降趋势，但草本层相反。2）区域尺度上，物种丰富度随纬度上升呈阶梯状下降；而特有属比例却呈相反趋势。3）NDVI值与物种多样性指数均呈显著相关，利用其与Shannon多样性指数建立了回归关系，进行了物种多样性制图。4）生物多样性指数与各服务均呈显著正相关，而各服务的热点区域也呈现空间一致性，相互之间存在密切的关系。\n（5）生态功能分区：综合以上结果将流域分为3大类5个功能区，分别为生态功能脆弱区、生态功能中等区以及生态功能丰富区。对各区特点进行了概述，并针对各区的生态问题提出相关建议措施。\n研究所得结论可为流域生态系统的管理及可持续发展提供重要支持。 |
| 英文摘要 | With highly complex terrain, extremely important ecosystem services and rich biological diversity, Lancang River Basin attracts much global concern and is the ideal area to do the relevant scientific research. Based on the large-scale investigation, the multi-source data, including sample data, inspection data, literature data and remote sensing data were used in the paper to assess the typical ecosystem services and biodiversity in the watershed. And then, the ecological function zoning was studied and certain recommendations were made to solve the ecological problems.\n(1) Carbon storage. With the forest and grass inventory data, sample data, literature data and soil database, the carbon storage and carbon density of the watershed were estimated. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) Total carbon storage of the ecosystem (vegetation and soil) is 3.43 Pg, accounting for about 1.79% to 3.54% of the national total amount. In them, the vegetation carbon storage is 300.32 Tg, accounting for about 4.68% to 6.29%. 2) With latitude decline, carbon density increases by three-steps, and the average carbon density are 8.29 Mg·hm-2, 24.28 Mg·hm-2, and 32.45 Mg·hm-2.3) In the next 10 to 20 years, forest carbon storage will increase by 28.44%, and the average annual carbon sink is about 5.24 Tg·a-1. Therefore, the basin has tremendous potential for carbon sequestration. 4) While the curve of total carbon storage with elevation takes on a single peak trend, the peak in the 1200m, the carbon density takes on a bimodal trend, two peaks in the 1100m and 3600m. 5) With great uncertainty, the total soil carbon storage is 3.14Pg, accounting for about 1.7% to 3.4% of the national total amount. 6) The carbon storage service was damaged seriously in the basin, for example, Xishuangbanna lost its carbon storage of 6.79% to 16.43% due to the rubber plantation.\n(2) Water supply. It was evaluated using the newly developed model InVEST. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) the mean annual water supply in Lancang River Basin is approximately 7.61×1010 m3·a-1 with an increasing trend downstream. 2) Water supply is mainly concentrated at the slope range of 8-25° and the elevation range of 1000-2000m. 3) A comparison of water supply capacity per unit area for ecosystems of different composition indicates that there is a decreasing trend from mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forest, broad-leafed forest, shrub forest, coniferous forest, to grassland. 4) Water supply service changed little where the ecosystem coverage was under 50%, while it grew with a linear model where the ecosystem coverage was above 50%.\n(3) Soil conservation. The soil conservation service was qualified by using RUSLE model. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) The soil conserved by the ecosystems was at 2.36×1010 t·a-1 and presented an increasing trend from upstream to downstream. 2) Soil erosion intensity is closely related to topographic factors, and mainly concentrated at the slope range of 15-35° and the elevation above 3000m. 3) By comparison, it was observed that forest ecosystem conserves the most soil, followed by grassland and farmland, and desert ecosystem conserves the least. 4) The soil conservation capability of each type of ecosystem tends to increase with vegetation cover under a linear growth pattern. Averagely, the 10% increment in vegetation cover of the basin ecosystem could result in 35.28% increment in the soil conserved.\n(4) Biodiversity. Based on large number of sample data from literature and field investigation, biodiversity and its spatial distribution pattern were studied in the basin by using traditional and remote sensing methods. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) On community scale, while the species diversity decreased with the rising of latitude and altitude, the herb showed an opposite trend. 2) On regional scale, while the species richness showed a stepped decline with the rising of latitude, the endemic genera proportion actually was the opposite trend. 3) There is a significant relationship between the NDVI value and all species diversity indices. Regression equation was built by using NDVI and Shannon diversity index to map the species diversity of whole basin. 4) There is a significant positive correlation between the biodiversity index and all the ecosystem services, and a high spatial congruence existed in all service hotspots.\n(5) Ecological function zoning. It was divided into five function zones of three categories based on all above results in the basin, respectively being the ecological functions of vulnerable area, medium area and rich area. Based on an overview of each zone, some recommendations were made to solve the ecological problems in the basin.\nThe research findings could provide important support for ecosystem management and sustainable development in the basin. |
| 中文关键词 | 澜沧江 ; 生态系统服务 ; 生物多样性 ; 碳蓄积 ; 水源供给 ; 土壤保持 ; 生态功能分区 |
| 英文关键词 | Lancang River Ecosystem services Biodiversity Carbon storage Water supply Soil conservation Ecological function zoning |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然资源学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287053 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈龙. 澜沧江流域典型生态系统服务和生物多样性及其空间分布格局研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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