Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 河西内陆河流域降水与河水稳定同位素时空变化特征研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The Spatial and Temporal Variations of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and River Water in the Hexi Inland Rivers Basins |
| 贺建桥 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 王宁练 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 水是人类文明可持续发展的核心要素。在全球气候变化的大背景下，伴随着从传统农业社会到现代工业社会的过渡，地处我国西北干旱区的河西内陆河流域正面临着前所未有的水压力。在河西内陆河流域开展降水和河水中的环境同位素研究，可为内陆河流域水资源的形成、循环与转化的过程和机理研究提供重要的科学基础，而且在干旱区水资源管理和水环境监测等方面具有重要的现实意义。\n 本论文针对河西干旱区三个内陆河流域（石羊河、黑河、疏勒河），共设置了20多个站点进行为期约3年的降水及河水样品采集，共收集了5000多个样品。通过对这些样品中的氢氧稳定同位素比率的测定分析，结合温度、降雨量等气象要素，研究了河西走廊大范围地区降水、河水中氢氧稳定同位素比率的时空变化规律及其影响因素，揭示了流域间降水与河水中氢氧稳定同位素组成特征的区域差异及其与水汽来源之间的内在关系，并对研究区域内主要河流的补给来源进行了研究。主要结论如下：\n1) 确定了河西地区降水中氢氧稳定同位素比率及过量氘（d ）的季节变化特征。降水中δ18O的季节变化具有夏天高冬天低的特征，温度是影响降水中δ18O的主导因素，降水中氧稳定同位素比率的“降雨量效应”不显著；降水中的过量氘（d ）不具有如同中国东部“夏低冬高”那样的季节变化特征，在三大流域各站降水中的过量氘基本上均表现为夏高冬低的季节变化特征，尤其是黑河流域的临泽站和大野口站最为明显。\n2) 在黑河流域，暖季降水中δ18O表现出“高程效应”，氧同位素高度梯度为-0.19‰/100m；冷季表现为“反高程效应”，氧同位素高度梯度为0.45‰/100m。\n3) 建立了河西内陆河流域大气降水线方程：\n δD=7.79δ18O+9.79‰（R2=0.9695, n=1142） 该地方性大气降水线具有干旱区水线的典型特征，即其斜率和截距低于全球大气降水线的斜率和截距。研究区流域内各站点暖季的地方性大气降水线斜率低于冷季的，上游山区的地方性大气降水线斜率大于下游干旱平原区的。\n\n4) 在河西内陆河流域的祁连山区，降水中氢、氧同位素比率几乎不受二次蒸发的影响；在干旱平原区，当降雨量小于5mm，降水中氢、氧同位素比率受到二次蒸发的影响，当降雨量大于5mm，降水中氢、氧同位素比率几乎不受二次蒸发的影响。\n\n\n5) 河水中δ18O具有 “夏高冬低”的季节变化特征，在空间上有从上游山区向下游戈壁荒漠方向逐渐富集的趋势。河西内陆河流域出山口河水中δ18O的年平均值基本相同，大致在-8.7‰左右，并且沿祁连山脉走向，出山口河水中δ18O的年平均值没有明显的规律性变化，这可能反映了在整个河西内陆河流域河水补给来源的区域差异不是十分明显。\n\n\n6) 利用出山口河水δ18O-δD在当地大气降水线上的位置，研究了河西三个流域主要河流源区河川径流的补给来源。石羊河流域的几个主要支流：黄羊河、杂木河、西营河以及西大河山区径流主要依靠大气降水补给；黑河干流山区河川径流的主要补给源是大气降水，黑河流域支流洪水坝河主要补给来源为冰雪融水，冰雪融水在该河出山口径流中的比重为56.5%；在疏勒河流域，石油河主要依靠降水补给，疏勒河冰川融水占很大比重。 |
| 英文摘要 | Water resource is one of the key factors for the sustainable development of the human civilization. This is especially true for the regions in northwestern China. Under the background of the global climate change and the transition of traditional agriculture to modern industry societies, the Hexi inland rivers basins, located in the arid area of northwest China, is facing the increasing water resource deficit. The isotopes studies of precipitation and river water in the Hexi inland rivers basins are the scientific base for investigating the processes and mechanisms of the water resources formation, recycling and transition. Such studies also have a realistic significance in water resource management and water environment monitoring.\n During the last several years, more than 5000 precipitation and river water samples were collected for stable isotope study at more than twenty stations in the three inland rivers basins (Shiyang river basin, Heihe river basin and Shule river basin). Based on these isotopic data sets and meteorological records, the temporal-spatial variations of the stable isotopes of precipitation and river water in the Hexi inland rivers basins were analyzed and their influencing factors were discussed. Meanwhile, the regional differences of the isotopic compositions among the basins and the possible connection between them and water vapor sources were also investigated. Additionally, the recharge sources of the main rivers in the Hexi inland rivers basins were discussed. The main findings are as below, \n1) The seasonal variations of δ18O, δD and d in precipitation in the Hexi inland rivers basins were demonstrated. The δ18O of precipitation was enriched in summer but depleted in winter. The air temperature is the major influencing factor of δ18O, and the precipitation effect on the δ18O is not significant. The d-excess of precipitation in Hexi rivers basins was high in summer but low in winter, which is not similar to that in eastern China, where the d-excess is low in summer but high in winter. \n2) In the Heihe river basin, the δ18O in precipitation displayed as an altitude effect in warm season, and the gradient was -0.19%o/100m. However, during the cold season, it displayed as an anti-altitude effect, the gradient was 0.45 %o/100m.\n3) Based on our measurements, the meteoric water line in the Hexi inland rivers basins was established as below,\nδD=7.79δ18O+9.79‰ （R2=0.9695, n=1142）\nThe local meteoric water line experienced the basic feature of that in the arid region. Namely, the slope and the intercept are lower than that of the global meteoric water line. Moreover, in the Hexi rivers basins, the slope of meteoric water line in warm season was lower than that in the cold season. The slope in the upper reaches in mountainous area was larger than that in the lower reaches in arid and plain area. \n4) The δ18O and δD in precipitation in Qilian Mountains were not influenced by the process of the secondary evaporation of raindrops. However, it was found that, in the arid plain areas, the δ18O and δD in precipitation were influenced by the secondary evaporation of raindrops when precipitation was less than 5mm, while they were not influenced when precipitation was larger than 5mm.\n5) The δ18O in river water was high in summer but low in winter. Spatially, the δ18O in river water was enriched gradually from upper reaches in the mountains to the lower reaches in the Gobi Desert. The annual averages of the δ18O in river water at the mountainous outlets were roughly similar, about -8.7‰. This implied that the recharge sources of the rivers in the Hexi inland rivers basins might be alike.\n6) By analyzing the distributions of the δ18O and δD in river water at mountainous outlets relative to the local meteoric water line, the recharge sources of the main rivers in the Hexi inland rivers basins were examined. In the Shiyang river basin, the main tributaries, such as Huangyang river, Zhamu river , Xiyin river and Xida river, are mainly recharged by precipitation. The main stream of Heihe river was also mainly recharged by precipitation. However, the Hongshuiba river, a small tributary of Heihe river, mainly recharged by glacial meltwater, and 56.5% of its runoff came from the meltwater of glaciers. In the Shule river basin, the Shiyou river is mainly recharged by precipitation, while the Changma river, the main stream of Shule river, mostly by the glacial meltwater. |
| 中文关键词 | 稳定同位素 ; 降水 ; 河水 ; 河西内陆河流域 |
| 英文关键词 | stable isotopes precipitation river water the Hexi Inland Rivers Basins |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287033 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 贺建桥. 河西内陆河流域降水与河水稳定同位素时空变化特征研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [贺建桥]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [贺建桥]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [贺建桥]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
