Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 生态脆弱区城市发展路径研究-以西宁市为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Research on Path of Urban in Eco-environment Vunerable Region―A Case of Xi’ning Municipality |
| 张理茜 | |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 蔡建明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 城市化是学者们一直关注的重点问题，他们从不同视角对城市化及进行了大量而富有创新的研究，并取得了丰硕的成果。随着城市化水平的不断提高，城市化对生态环境的影响程度也在大大增强，生态环境的恶化制约着城市化的发展步伐。随着城市化研究的不断深入和细化，学者们对不同地域类型的区域进行了深入而有系统的城市化研究。本文选择了生态脆弱区这一特殊地域类型，进行其城市化发展路径的研究。并以高原城市这一典型生态脆弱地区为实证研究对象，以我国青藏高原唯一一个人口过百万的城市——青海省省会西宁市为案例区，以地理学、生态经济学、环境经济学、系统动力学、GIS技术和数理分析等理论和方法为基础，探讨生态脆弱区城市化的路径，为生态脆弱区城市化提供参考。\n本文首先归纳总结了国内外学者对城市化、生态环境、城市化与生态环境相互影响关系的研究。然后着重论述了生态脆弱区城市化发展理论，分别对干旱区、喀斯特地区、高寒地区、交界区等生态脆弱区的城市化发展理论进行了阐述，进而归纳出整个生态脆弱地区的城市化发展理论，并构建了生态脆弱区城市化路径选择的方法和流程。论文的实证部分对西宁市城市化过程及生态环境变化过程进行了梳理。然后构建指标体系，用灰色关联模型及问卷调查等方法分析与评价了西宁市城市化对生态环境的影响，以及脆弱生态环境对城市化的约束。在此基础上，从产业选择、土地利用方式、生活生产方式等方面提出了西宁市及生态脆弱区城市化发展的路径，为相关决策部门进行决策提供了一些依据。\n通过研究，本文主要得出如下结论：\n1、生态脆弱区的城市化受地质、地形、水文、气候、植被和地上地下自然资源等的自然条件的强烈影响，同时也受到经济发展普遍落后、人口文化素质普遍较低等非自然因素的制约。\n2、在产业选择、人口承载力及城市用地布局等方面，脆弱区与非脆弱区存在着较大的差别。生态环境良好地区受到的约束小，在产业的选择方面自由度较大，可以选择适合本地资源基础的产业进行发展，在生态脆弱地区，则要着重考虑生态环境因素，限制了很多产业的发展。从人口承载力来看，我国人口密度高的地区多分布于生态环境状况良好的东部地区，这一地区人口承载力较强。生态脆弱地区的人口密度普遍较小，其对于人口的承载水平也是有限的。从城市用地来看，生态环境良好的地区，用地方面受到的限制较小。城市的地质条件良好，城市的扩展过程中很少受用地的制约，而生态脆弱地区，城市的扩展受到了很多的限制。\n3、脆弱区城市化的发展要走适应自己脆弱性的路径，在产业选择，城市用地等方面有所取舍。在产业选择及布局方面，尽可能的降低对生态环境的压力，选择对生态环境影响较小的产业，如金融业、服务业、电子产业、生物科技等第三产业，限制对资源和环境依赖度过强的产业，如采掘业等。人口规模应控制在适度的范围内，不可超出人口承载力，以防对生态环境产生过多的压力，造成无法弥补的过失。另外，还应该兼顾人口素质，提高人口素质，提高人们对生态环境的重视。城市用地要节约集约利用，避免粗放式开发利用。城市建设的密度和强度不宜过大，应该充分考虑到土地承载力。\n4、对西宁地区进行生态脆弱性分级后，得出以下结论：西宁市生态环境脆弱性中等脆弱（1.0≤EFI＜2.0）区及轻度脆弱区（EFI＜0.1）面积最大。从西宁地区在不同脆弱度等级中的分布比例来看，处于严重脆弱水平的地区占总面积的8.7%，处于中等脆弱水平的地区占总面积的22.94%，处于一般脆弱水平的地区占总面积的59.67%，处于轻度脆弱水平的地区占总面积的8.69%。总体自然条件相对恶劣，生态环境脆弱性指数为Ⅱ级。导致西宁地区大多数地区生态脆弱的主要因素是社会环境和水环境。\n5、西宁市城市化受政策影响，阶段性特征明显。生态环境受城市化及城市发展政策的强烈影响，经济城市化和社会城市化的影响最为强烈。城市化对西宁市生态环境的作用直接表现在经济结构变化、基础设施完善程度及人民生活质量。经济结构变化改变了物质利用和能源消耗结构变化，并源源不断地向外界排放废物，通过人类活动强度和污染排放强度作用于整个生态系统，而人民生活质量的改变带来消费方式的改变，间接作用于生态环境，基础设施的建设影响着土地利用及景观格局。在这个过程中，经济城市化和社会城市化对生态环境的作用明显，1990-2009年间，两者对生态环境的综合关联度分别高达0.816和0.820。同时，人口的增加和空间的扩展对生态环境产生的影响并不是很大。\n6、不考虑生态环境的情况下，西宁市的工业发展支柱中长期内仍是资源导向型的原材料加工工业。但应充分考虑到脆弱生态环境的影响，未来应以旅游业作为发展的重点方向，原材料加工工业着重应用循环经济技术，最大限度的减少对生态环境的负面影响。\n7、西宁市未来空间形态应为带状加组团形态，带状形态符合西宁市发展现状及惯性，符合西宁市地形的限制，而组团形态则从城市空间结构优化的角度，避免了城市单纯的带状扩展所带来的一系列问题。 |
| 英文摘要 | Scholars were focus on the urbanization for many years, they studied the urbanization from different perspective and have achieved fruitful results. Along with the accelerated process of urbanization and People's concern about the ecological environment, the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is a new urban geography of concern.\n In this paper, a typical highland city with fragile ecology and backward economic areas as the research object, take Xining City- an unique city on China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a population of over 1 million, the capital of Qinghai Province as a case area, based on the theory and methods of geography, ecological economics, environmental economics, system dynamics, GIS technology, and mathematical analysis. Explore the response mechanism of urbanization and ecological environment, reveal the relationship between the urbanization and ecological environment, present a typical urbanization patterns and the strategies and countermeasures of the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment, and provide a reference to sustainable development of Xining City. \n The fragile ecological environment has the role of certain constraints for urbanization. The urbanization in vulnerable areas shows different characteristics with that in non-vulnerable areas. Previous studies preferred to focus on specific fragile ecological environment in a case-by-case way. This paper attempts to stand on a more macro perspective, by studying the similarities and differences of urbanizations between fragile and non fragile areas, to clear the urbanization development characteristics in fragile ecological environment and its appropriate path. This paper, firstly, based on a lot of readings in relevant literature, summarizes the common characteristics among arid region, karst areas, alpine regions, the transition zone and other types of fragile ecological environment. By understanding current urbanization situations and constraints in those regions and connecting scholars’ researches, we advance suggestions on the development in fragile ecological environment, comparing with the situations in good ecological environment. After theoretical analysis, the second part of the paper initially constructs a selection method and its process for the fragile ecological environment urbanization development pathways. \n First, this paper raise the issue to research based on the background, and raise the intention, content, method and technology route. Second, summarize the research on the urbanization and ecological environment and the relationship between the urbanization and ecological environment. Third, compile the urbanization process and its response to the process of eco-environment. The urbanization process consists of four levels: population urbanization, social urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization. This paper summarizes and analyzes the responses between urbanization and ecological environment from the four aspects of Xining City at different levels. Fourth, build index system to analysis and evaluation the effect of urbanization on ecological environment of Xining City. Finally, make a scenarios of urbanization in Xining in the future, import the experience of other country, and advance the pattern and countermeasure of urbanization.\n The main conclusion of this paper is:\n (1) The main constraints for the fragile ecological environment urbanization are geological conditions, topography, hydrology, climate, vegetation and natural resources above and below ground. \n (2) The differences compared with good ecological environment urbanization are mainly in industry selection, population carrying capacity and the city construction land, etc. All of them are also extremely important emphasized for the urbanization in the fragile area. \n (3) The urbanization path selection process in fragile ecological environment is divided into the following steps: classification, analyzing the level of urbanization and its stages, analyzing the evolution process of the ecological environment, studying urbanization and eco-environment interaction mechanism, scenario analysis, scenario analysis, strategic planning, deciding the city’s function and its position, and so on.\n (4) Xining urbanization stage characteristics affects by policy obviously. Ecological environment urbanization and urban development policy by the strong economy urbanization and social influence, the influence of urbanization is the most intense. \n \n \n \n\n\n(5) The main industries in Xining in future are food processing and tourism industry. The space structure is ribbon and grouping form. |
| 中文关键词 | 城市化 ; 生态脆弱区 ; 路径 ; 调控 ; 西宁市 |
| 英文关键词 | urbanization ecological environment path effection Xining city |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287026 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张理茜. 生态脆弱区城市发展路径研究-以西宁市为例[D]. 中国科学院大学,2012. |
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