Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 渭干河流域土壤盐渍化时空演变规律研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Research on the Soil-salinization Temporal-spatial Evolution in Weigan |
| 卢磊 | |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 乔木 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文选择渭干河流域为研究区，运用RS、GIS、GPS技术以及景观生态学的相关理论与方法定量研究土壤盐渍化在时间和空间尺度上的变化；同时分析了流域土壤盐渍化的驱动力，并进行土壤盐渍化分区，针对不同的区域特点提出了不同的改良治理对策。为土壤盐渍化的治理与区域农业可持续发展决策提供了科学依据。主要结论如下：\n1.渭干河流域土壤盐渍化类型主要以硫酸盐和氯化盐为主。在空间分布上，拜城盆地盐分组成以硫酸盐为主，而由库车、新和和沙雅所构成的渭干河三角洲的盐分组成以硫酸盐-氯化物或氯化物-硫酸盐为主。流域老灌区内部，由于长期耕作和灌溉，Cl-大部分被淋洗，SO42-尚有残余，使Cl-/ SO42-比值变小，从而使以硫酸盐-氯化物为主的自然土壤向以氯化物-硫酸盐为主的耕种土壤演变。\n2.1985-2008年间，轻度盐渍耕地的变化程度剧烈，呈剧烈增加态势；中度盐渍化耕地面积减少，主要向轻度盐渍化耕地和非盐渍化耕地转化；重度盐渍化耕地略有增加；盐土、盐化土减少剧烈，主要向中轻度盐渍化耕地和重度盐渍化耕地转化；非盐渍化耕地面积则呈不断增加趋势。\n3.流域土壤盐渍化现象普遍，主要分布在绿洲的下部边缘地带，河流中下游、地势平缓低洼等区域。盐渍化耕地在绿洲内部呈条形状分布，在绿洲外围呈片状分布。1985~1998年绿洲内部和外围土壤盐渍化都发生了较大变化；1998~2008年研究区下部即绿洲外围土壤盐渍化变化较大，其他区域变化较小；近23年来盐渍化耕地重心具有向绿洲外围东南方向转移的趋势。通过对不同时期渭干河流域土壤盐渍化景观特征的分析可以看出，1985~2008年盐渍化耕地斑块由原来较为破碎的状态向成片相连的方向发展，大面积的盐碱地斑块数量增加迅速。\n4.土壤盐渍化是脆弱的生态环境和强烈的人类活动共同作用下的一种土地退化形式。流域土壤盐渍化时空演变是自然因素和人类社会经济活动共同作用的结果。其中河道、渠系和水库渗漏、耕作制度不合理、土地不平整和排灌体系不完善等是最主要的驱动因素。\n5.以土壤盐渍化的分布规律、特点为核心，格局地形地貌、地下水埋深、地下水矿化度等限制性因子，将渭干河流域土壤盐渍化划分为2个改良区，5个改良亚区。针对不同改良治理区的土壤盐渍化特点，提出了相应的改良治理对策。 |
| 英文摘要 | This thesis selects the typical arid area named Weigan River as a study area, using RS、GIS、GPS technique and Landscape Ecology theory to quantitative analyze the temporal and spatial change and the drivingforce. At last, analyzed the driving force of soil salinization, and divided into different soil salinization regions, given the different regional regionalization. This paper has also offered foundation for administration of the soil-salinization and region agricultural sustainable development decision-making. The main conclusions of this paper include the following:\n1. The main types of soil salinization are sulfate and chloride in Weigan River. In spatial distribution, the sulfate salt is main salt in Baicheng basin, but by the Kuqa, Xinhe and Shaya county, the sulfate salt Delta chlorides or chloride sulfate-based. In old irrigation rigion, the long-term tillage and irrigation, most of Cl- leaching, SO42-are still remnants of the Cl-/ SO42- ratio becomes smaller, so that the sulfate-chloride becomes to the natural soil-based chloride-sulfate-based farming soil evolution.\n2. There area of mildly saline land occured dramatic change in recent 23 years in Weigan River. Moderately salinized cultivated land area decreased, mainly to the mild and non-saline land salinization of arable land conversion. Slightly severe land salinization increase. saline soil decreased markedly, primarily in the mild and severe salt saline land into arable land; the farming conditions change, the improvement of irrigation facilities, use of water saving technology, non-cultivated land was increasing trend.\n3. Soil salinization is widespread, mainly in the lower edge of the oasis, the river downstream, the low-lying flat terrain areas. Salinization of arable land was in the oasis bar shape distribution, patchy distribution in the oasis outside.Internal and external oasis soil salinization had great changes from 1985 to 1998. In the lower part of the study area outside the oasis had large changes about soil salinity, small changes in other regions from 1998 to 2008. The past 23 years, salinization of arable land oasis in the center of gravity outside shift to the southeast.Through landscape characteristics of soil salinization from 1985 to 2008, salinization of arable land is more broken patches from the state connected to the direction into the film, a large area of saline land number of patches increased rapidly. \n4. Soil salinization as a common form of land degradation, is a fragile ecological environment and a strong effect of human activities. Soil salinization is the temporal evolution of natural factors and human activities, the result of joint action. The river, canal and reservoir leakage, irrational farming, unflat land and the irrigation system is imperfect, is the main driving factors.\n5. Based on the distribution of soil salinization and characteristics of the core, combined with soil salinization in the distribution of the improved conditions (topography, groundwater depth, groundwater salinity), highlight the main obstacles to factor, the Weigan Soil salinization is divided into two improvement areas, five sub-areas improved. Improved governance zones for different soil salinization, proposed the improvement of the corresponding countermeasures. |
| 中文关键词 | 土壤盐渍化 ; 时空演变 ; 3S技术 ; 改良分区 ; 渭干河流域 |
| 英文关键词 | Soil-salinization Temporal and spatial evolution 3S technique Regionalization Weigan River |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境科学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287004 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 卢磊. 渭干河流域土壤盐渍化时空演变规律研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2011. |
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