Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 胡杨的水力提升作用及功能研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects And Function Research Of Hydraulic Lift In Populus Euphratica |
| 苏芮 | |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 陈亚宁 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 植物水力提升作用是根系从较湿润的深层土壤中吸收水分，并释放到干旱的浅层土壤中的过程，其提升释放的水分对干旱半干旱地区植物群落的稳定和发展有显著影响。在长期干旱的情况下，深根系的植物较易生存，如果荒漠河岸林建群种胡杨存在根系提水功能，那么浅根系的植物在这样恶劣的环境下也能生存，从而为干旱区物种配置和水分的合理利用提供了保障。土壤水分是干旱半干旱区植物生长的重要限制因子，根系水力提升导致的水分再分配的存在对土壤水分动态有着极为微妙的作用，对保护流域内生态环境，维护荒漠河岸林系统的稳定性、生物多样性及保持绿色走廊的完整性，实现流域生态、经济、社会协调发展都有重大意义。\n本论文通过HRM热比率径流仪对英苏地区的成年胡杨(Populus euphratica)进行连续动态观测；利用自动气象站对小气候因子：风速、大气温度、地表温度、相对湿度、叶面温度同时监测，计算出空气饱和水汽压差；其次用烘干法对0~120 cm土层土壤含水率取样分析。结果表明：（1）胡杨根系茎流速率具有明显的昼夜节律性特征，白天茎流速率较大，夜间较小。胡杨主根茎流速率在白天和夜间均表现出正值，侧根茎流在夜间出现明显的“倒流”现象。（2）胡杨侧根茎流速率与气象因子间相关性显著。对气象因子的影响进行逐步回归分析，叶片温度和空气饱和水汽压差是影响胡杨根系茎流的重要因素，也是影响根系水力提升作用的重要因素。（3）对胡杨根系剖面0~120 cm土层的土壤含水率进行监测分析，胡杨发生水力提升作用后，土壤含水率显著升高，尤其在60~120 cm土层中，土壤含水率增加现象表现的较为明显。\n其次，在塔河下游生态试验站，通过对胡杨幼苗上下层土壤分根试验法，研究了整个生长季幼苗根系的提水作用。结果表明：（1）胡杨幼苗的根系存在水力提升作用。（2）幼苗的水力提升作用发生在每天的21:00—次日6:00，在6:00达到一个小高峰，基本停止提水作用。生长季三株胡杨幼苗的总提水量分别为2.78 kg，2.31 kg和2.46 kg，日均提水量为0.0226 kg，0.0187 kg，0.020 kg。（3）三株胡杨幼苗的日均提水量占上层土壤蒸发量的13~20 %，在植物蒸腾作用明显的7、8月份，日均提水量也较大。（4）下层土壤的根系生物量和提水量相关性很大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Hydraulic lift is the process by which some deep-rooted plants take in water from lower soil layers and exude that water into upper, drier soil layers. Hydraulic lift is beneficial to the plant transporting the water, and may be an important water source for neighboring plants. In desert riparian forest vegetation which is in long drought conditions, deep roots of plants are more easily to survive than the surface ones, especially the finger species Populus euphratica, if they have Hydraulic lift effects, it will help the surface plants to live, thus this will afford theory judging to the arid species configuration and water utilization. The root hydraulic lift as a phenomenon caused moisture dynamic redistribution, behave outstanding function. We can use the hydraulic lift ability of plants to improve the water content of shallow soil, and that may have important significance on artifical vegetations, protect the basin ecology, maintain the integrity of the green corridor, and keep biodiversity on desert riparian forest vegetation, in order to realize the watershed ecological, economic and social harmonious development.\n In the paper we used heat ration method (HRM) sap-flow monitoring sensors to measure sap velocity in roots of three grown up Populus euphratica during May to Aug. in Yingsu. Using a recording weather station to monitor Meteorological factors, included wind speed, air temperature, surface temperature, air relative humidity, leaf temperature, and figure out vapor pressure deficit. Then, we concurrently sampled and analyzed soil water content by the drying method at six soil depths. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the sap velocity of tap roots was positive day and night. In contrast, sap flows of lateral roots reversed at night. (2) The sap flows of lateral roots have been strongly associated with Meteorological factors. Used stepwise regression method to analysis the factors, leaf surface and vapor pressure deficit can critically affect sap velocity in lateral roots, also to Hydraulic Lift. (3) Soil water content in the subsoil was higher than topsoil in 0–120 cm soil depth and increased with reversed sap flow of lateral roots at night, especially in the 60–120 cm soil depth greater at 4:00 than that at 16:00.\n Aim at Pop1us euphratica seedling, used the methods what separated the roots into the topsoil and subsoil, to study the hydraulic lift of Pop1us euphratica seedling roots in their whole growing season. The results show that: (1) the roots of Pop1us euphratica seedlings exist hydraulic lift function. (2) Hydraulic lift function occurred from the 21:00pm to the following 6:00am, it reached peak at 6:00am, and after that the hydraulic lift almost stopped. (3) The total mounts of the seeding roots during the growing season were 2.78kg, 2.31kg and 2.46kg, while the per mount of the three were 0.0226kg, 0.0187kg and 0.020kg. (4)There is great correlation between subsoil root biomass and the mounts of hydraulic lift. |
| 中文关键词 | 水力提升 ; 茎流 ; 蒸腾 ; 胡杨 ; 荒漠河岸林 |
| 英文关键词 | Hydraulic Lift root sap flow transpiration Pop1us euphratica Desert riparian forest vegetation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境科学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286987 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 苏芮. 胡杨的水力提升作用及功能研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2011. |
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