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| 微地形空间异质性和人工恢复重建干扰对梭梭荒漠群落特征的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | The Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity of Microrelief and Reconversion to Haloxylon ammodendron Community Characteristics |
| 班卫强 | |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 尹林克 ; 严成 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 古尔班通古特沙漠位于新疆准噶尔盆地腹地，是中国最大的固定与半固定沙漠，受垦荒种地、油气煤炭资源开发、道路兴建和水利工程等人为活动影响，部分以梭梭荒漠为代表的地带性自然植被受到严重损坏和干扰。为了制定科学合理的受损植被恢复与重建措施，需要对植物群落特征和环境之间的关系以及人工恢复重建措施对梭梭荒漠群落特征影响进行深入研究。\n前人针对这一区域的主要植物群落类型、分布、多样性一般特点、植被格局及其与环境关系方面进行了一些研究。但在微地形空间异质性对植物群落物种多样性的影响以及人工恢复重建干扰后梭梭荒漠群落特征动态变化等方面的研究工作还未开展。\n本研究采用典型样地法对于不同微地形条件下植物群落的物种多样性及优势种群的生态位特征、各植物群落类型及优势种群与环境间关系、不同人工恢复重建阶段的梭梭群落的物种组成、群落结构及优势种群变化开展了研究，旨在为古尔班通古特沙漠受损梭梭荒漠植被恢复与重建提供新的理论依据。主要结论如下：\n微地形的异质性改变了环境资源的空间配置，使植物群落物种组成、群落类型以及群落结构表现出明显差异；由于环境因子的差异，不同微地形条件植物群落其α-多样性指数与β-多样性指数发生改变；梭梭荒漠在恢复重建过程中，群落物种多样性和α多样性指数呈现先下降后上升的趋势。\n经过人工恢复重建的干扰，梭梭荒漠群落优势种群发生了变化，经多年处自我调节，群落类型由复杂到简单，再向复杂转化，最终发展成为多优势种群的稳定群落类型（灌木+草本结构）。 |
| 英文摘要 | Withthe development of resources and an increase in civil engineering projects in Gurbantunggut Desert, the largest fixed and semi-fixed sandy desert in China has caused environmental disturbance to the fragile desert eco-system. We should take an effective means to rehabilitate and reconstruct the vegetation in this region. Based on spatial sequence instead of temporal sequence method, we analyze the species diversity dynamics of Haloxyon ammodendron，Shannon-Wiener index(H)，Simpson index(D)，Pielon index(Jsw)，Whittaker index(βC )，Cody index(βC )，Niche breadth (Bsi) and Niche overlap value (Ojk) are used to analyze the species diversity and niche characteristics of dominance population based on field surveying data in spring in Gurbantunggut Desert．Plant species of Haloxyon ammodendron planted forest decreased in the beginning and then raisedα-diversity indexes andβ-diversity indexes of different site conditions were different. From Whittaker index and Cody index,β-diversity indexes can be divided into two gradients. The first gradient were top of dune, windward slope and upside of leeward slope, and the second gradient were the others. The niche breadth of different dominance populations were Haloxyon ammodendron C.A.Mey.>Lappula semiglabra Gürke.>Agriophyllum squarrosum Moq.>Stipagrostis pennata Winter.>Corispermum lehmannianum Bge.>Calligonum leucocladum Bge.>Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.>Haloxyon persicum Bge.>Reaumuria soongorica Maxim.. Because of different environments, the niche overlap value between different dominance populations was distinct, and the dominance populations which had high niche breadth had high niche overlap value.. The species of shrub layer was Haloxyon ammodendron C.A.Mey. and Calligonum leucocladum Bge, which existed from the beginning to the end, and the species of herb layer changed. Dominant species reduced in the beginning and then increased. The community type was from complex to simple, then to complex. The species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielon evenness index, which can better describe the characteristics of the plant communities in the study area, decreased in the beginning and then increased. Plant communities of different site conditions in Gurbantunggut Desert were shrub-herb mode, and that the dominance population were Haloxyon ammodendron C.A.Mey., Haloxyon persicum Bge., Calligonum leucocladum Bge., Stipagrostis pennata Winter., Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Reaumuria soongorica Maxim., Lappula semiglabra Gürke., Agriophyllum squarrosum Moq. and Corispermum lehmannianum Bge.. Because of different environments, the planted forest with different ages in Gurbantunggut Desert. Richness index(R) |
| 中文关键词 | 微地形异质生境 ; 人工恢复重建 ; 梭梭荒漠植被 ; 物种多样性 ; 优势种群 ; 群落结构 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286981 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 班卫强. 微地形空间异质性和人工恢复重建干扰对梭梭荒漠群落特征的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2011. |
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