Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 荒漠地表甲虫物种多样性及其与环境的关系 | |
| 其他题名 | Species diversity of ground-dwelling beetle communities in desert and its relationship with environment |
| 娄巧哲 | |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 吕昭智 ; 梁红斌 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘从沙漠腹地到沙漠绿洲交错区为研究区域，于2010年5–7月采用陷阱法调查了此区域中不同生境及同种生境不同坡面的地表甲虫物种多样性，其中包括沙漠腹地防护体系的干扰生境，并从局域尺度和小尺度两个尺度，分析了荒漠地表甲虫的空间分布特点及其与环境的关系。结论如下：\n（1）共捕获地表甲虫14科81种，其中拟步甲Tenebrionidae和象甲Curculionidae占绝对优势，数量分别占93.65%和5.14%；荒漠地表甲虫多样性特点为丰富度低、多样性低、均匀度差，但优势度高、活动密度高，并且这一特点随着生境从荒漠绿洲交错区到沙漠腹地越为明显，这些指标值在不同生境间均具有显著性差异（df=32, P<0.05）。\n（2）荒漠地表甲虫在科、属与种的水平上均表现了一定的环境指示性；局域尺度上，拟步甲科倾向于选择沙漠腹地，而象甲科和芫菁科则倾向于交错区；小尺度上，漠王属Platyope的种类均表现出明显的选择风沙土环境的倾向性，而阿苇长足甲Adesmia aweiensis和光滑胖漠甲Trigonoscelis sublaevigata sublaevigata则表现出明显的选择碱化灰漠土环境的倾向性。\n（3）分别基于地表甲虫群落与优势类群的群落DCA排序（除趋势对应分析）表明，沙漠边缘的群落在研究区域中处于中间过渡地位，坡上群落更接近沙漠腹地，垄间更接近交错区，其坡上与垄间明显的土壤类型分异可能是导致这一结果的首要原因。\n（4）荒漠地表甲虫的物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数与植被盖度、土壤含水量、有机质含量、全N、全P及K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+的含量均存在显著线性相关（P<0.05）；活动密度与植被盖度、土壤含水量的相关性中，地表甲虫和拟步甲表现了很好的负相关，而象甲则为正相关；优势度指数与植被盖度、土壤含水量之间均为负相关。这可能是局域尺度下荒漠地表甲虫多样性的空间分布规律。\n（5）沙漠防护体系中地表甲虫的活动密度显著降低（P<0.05），物种丰富度、多样性及均匀性均有所下降，但没有达到显著性水平；列氏浑圆象Epexochus lehmanni和库氏东鳖甲Anatolica kulzeri的相对重要性明显上升，宽颈小鳖甲Microdera laticollis的相对重要性和活动密度明显下降。干扰生境中的人工植被（草方格+梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron+沙拐枣Calligonum sp.）应该是导致地表甲虫群落改变的首要原因。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study comprises the investigation of characteristics and patterns of ground-dwelling beetle species diversity in different habitats and different slopes of dune from desert hinterland to desert edge and then to desert-oasis ecotone on southern Gurbantunggut Desert, including a disturbed habitat by desert protecting system, using pitfall trap method. Their relationship with environmental factors and their habitat-indicative function were also analyzed, under two scales, local scale and small scale. Main conclusions are as follows.\n(1) The beetles trapped in the pitfall belonged to 81 species from 14 families, among which Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae were most dominant and accounted for 93.65% and 5.14% in aboundance respectively. The general characteristics of desert ground-dwelling beetle diversity were low richness, low diversity, low evenness along with high dominance and high abundance. This became more remarkable from desert-oasis ecotone to desert hinterland and they all showed significant difference in different habitats (df=32, P<0.05).\n(2) Desert ground-dwelling beetles showed certain habitat-indictive ability at levels of family, genus and species. Under local scale, Tenebrionidae prefered desert hinterland, while Curculionidae prefered the ecotone. Under small scale, all Platyope species showed a preference for aeolian sandy soil, while Adesmia aweiensis and Trigonoscelis sublaevigata sublaevigata showed a preference for alkaline desert soil.\n(3) DCA (Detrended correspondence analysis) ordinations of habitats based on ground-dwelling beetle community or dominant groups showed that desert edge was the transitional area in our research area, and communities on slopes were more similar to desert hinterland while those on interdunes were more similar to the ecotone. The soil heterogeneity between slopes of dune and interdune might be the primary cause.\n(4) All factors including species richness, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index of desert ground-dwelling beetles showed significant linear correlation (P<0.05) with soil water content, nutrient content, total N, total P and K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+ content. The correlations of activity density of ground-dwelling beetles and Tenebrionidae with plant cover and soil water content were negative, while those of Curculionidae showed a positive correlation with the same. The dominance index of all the three communities showed negative correlation with plant cover and soil water content. This might be a general rule of desert ground-dwelling beetles's distribution under local scale.\n(5) A significant decline in activity density of ground-dwelling beetles was detected in desert protecting system (P<0.05). Species richness, diversity index and evenness index all declined, although the differences were not significant. The relative importance of Epexochus lehmanni and Anatolica kulzeri arose but that of Microdera laticollis and its activity density declined significantly. The artificial plant (straw barrier, Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum sp.) might be the primary cause to these changes. |
| 中文关键词 | 荒漠 ; 地表甲虫 ; 拟步甲 ; 象甲 ; 物种多样性 ; 干扰 |
| 英文关键词 | Desert Ground-dwelling beetle Tenebrionidae Curculionidae Species diversity Disturbing |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286979 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 娄巧哲. 荒漠地表甲虫物种多样性及其与环境的关系[D]. 中国科学院大学,2011. |
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